University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Jun 16;18(8):51. doi: 10.1007/s11892-018-1023-3.
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used both in clinical practice and research to assess glucose tolerance. In addition, the OGTT is utilized for surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and the insulin response to enteral glucose and has been widely applied in the evaluation of β-cell dysfunction in obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Here we review the use of the OGTT and the OGTT-derived indices for measurement of risk markers for type 2 diabetes in youth.
Advantages of using the OGTT for measures of diabetes risk include its accessibility and the incorporation of physiological contributions of the gut-pancreas axis in the measures of insulin response to glucose. Mathematical modeling expands the potential gains from the OGTT in physiology and clinical research. Disadvantages include individual differences in the rate of glucose absorption that modify insulin responses, imperfect control of the glycemic stimulus, and poor intraindividual reproducibility. Available research suggests the OGTT provides valuable information about the development of impaired glycemic control and β-cell function in obese youth along the spectrum of glucose tolerance.
口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）既用于临床实践也用于研究，以评估葡萄糖耐量。此外，OGTT 还用于胰岛素敏感性和肠内葡萄糖胰岛素反应的替代指标，已广泛应用于肥胖、糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病患者β细胞功能障碍的评估。在此，我们综述 OGTT 及其衍生指数在青少年 2 型糖尿病风险标志物测量中的应用。
使用 OGTT 测量糖尿病风险的优点包括其可及性以及纳入了肠道-胰腺轴的生理贡献来测量葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素反应。数学模型扩展了 OGTT 在生理学和临床研究中的潜在收益。缺点包括个体间葡萄糖吸收速率的差异，这会改变胰岛素反应，血糖刺激的控制不完美，以及个体内的重现性差。现有研究表明，OGTT 提供了关于肥胖青少年葡萄糖耐量谱中糖代谢受损和β细胞功能障碍发展的有价值的信息。
