Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Aug 16;25(8):931-940. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.05.009. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
The ability to direct targeted intercellular interactions has the potential to enable and expand the use of cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and immunotherapy. While genetic engineering approaches have proven effective, these techniques are not amenable to all cell types and often yield permanent modifications with potentially long-lasting adverse effects, restricting their application. To circumvent these limitations, there is intense interest in developing non-genetic methods to modify cell membranes with functional groups that will enable the recognition of target cells. While many such techniques have been developed, relatively few have been applied to directing specific cell-cell interactions. This review details these non-genetic membrane engineering approaches-namely, hydrophobic membrane insertion, chemical modification, liposome fusion, metabolic engineering, and enzymatic remodeling-and summarizes their major applications. Based on this analysis, perspective is provided on the ideal features of these systems with an emphasis on the potential for clinical translation.
靶向细胞间相互作用的能力有可能实现并扩大基于细胞的疗法在再生医学、组织工程和免疫治疗中的应用。虽然基因工程方法已被证明是有效的，但这些技术不适用于所有细胞类型，并且经常产生潜在持久的不利影响的永久性修饰，限制了它们的应用。为了规避这些限制，人们强烈希望开发非遗传方法来用功能基团修饰细胞膜，从而能够识别靶细胞。虽然已经开发了许多这样的技术，但相对较少的技术被应用于指导特定的细胞-细胞相互作用。本综述详细介绍了这些非遗传的膜工程方法，即疏水性膜插入、化学修饰、脂质体融合、代谢工程和酶重塑，并总结了它们的主要应用。基于此分析，提供了对这些系统理想特征的看法，重点是临床转化的潜力。
