Edmonds Rohan, Leicht Anthony, Burkett Brendan, McKean Mark
School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4558, Australia.
College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2016 Feb 24;4(1):13. doi: 10.3390/sports4010013.
This study examined the acute training responses of heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary biomarkers (immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase) following a standardised training bout in Paralympic swimmers. Changes in HRV, sIgA and sAA were documented Monday morning, Monday afternoon and Tuesday morning over a 14-week monitoring period leading into international competition. Magnitude based inferences with effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the practical significance of changes each week. Normal training responses elicited increases in HR, α1, sAA and sIgA, accompanied by decreases in HF(nu), standard deviation of instantaneous RR variability (SD1) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) from Monday morning to Monday afternoon, and to Tuesday morning with similar week to week responses for most variables. Changes in RMSSD from Monday a.m. to p.m. were likely smaller (less negative) for Week 7 (78/18/3, ES = 0.40) following a competition weekend with similar changes observed from Monday a.m. to Tuesday a.m. (90/5/5, ES = 1.30). In contrast, the change in sAA from Monday a.m. to p.m. was very likely less (more negative) at Week 7 (0/0/99, ES = -2.46), with similar changes observed from Monday a.m. to Tuesday a.m. (0/0/99, ES = -4.69). During the taper period, there were also likely increases in parasympathetic modulations (RMSSD, Weeks 12⁻14) along with increased immune function (sIgA, Week 13) that demonstrated a favourable state of athlete preparedness. Used together, HRV and sAA provide coaches with valuable information regarding physiological changes in response to training and competition.
本研究调查了残奥会游泳运动员在进行标准化训练后心率变异性（HRV）和唾液生物标志物（免疫球蛋白A和α-淀粉酶）的急性训练反应。在为期14周的监测期内，记录了周一上午、周一下午和周二上午HRV、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）和唾液α-淀粉酶（sAA）的变化情况，该监测期持续至国际比赛。采用基于效应量（ES）的量级推断法评估每周变化的实际意义。正常训练反应会使心率、α1、sAA和sIgA升高，同时高频功率（HF(nu)）、瞬时RR间期变异性标准差（SD1）以及逐搏间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）从周一上午到周一下午，以及到周二上午均会降低，且大多数变量每周的反应相似。在经历了一个比赛周末后的第7周，RMSSD从周一上午到下午的变化可能较小（负向程度较小）（78/18/3，ES = 0.40），从周一上午到周二上午也观察到类似变化（90/5/5，ES = 1.30）。相比之下，在第7周，sAA从周一上午到下午的变化很可能更小（负向程度更大）（0/0/99，ES = -2.46），从周一上午到周二上午也观察到类似变化（0/0/99，ES = -4.69）。在减量期，副交感神经调节（RMSSD，第12至14周）可能也会增加，同时免疫功能（sIgA，第13周）增强，这表明运动员处于良好的备赛状态。综合使用HRV和sAA可为教练提供有关训练和比赛反应的生理变化的有价值信息。
