Harding Amy T, Beck Belinda R
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2017 May 12;5(2):29. doi: 10.3390/sports5020029.
Exercise is commonly recommended in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. The most common method to monitor bone mass and its response to interventions is bone densitometry. While closely associated with risk of fracture, densitometry-derived areal bone mineral density (aBMD) does not provide a reliable indication of bone geometry or morphological adaptation to stimuli. In fact, the effects of exercise interventions on aBMD are frequently modest, and may not fully represent the benefit of exercise to bone. Animal models suggest that mechanical loading indeed influences bone geometry and thus strength. Such an effect in humans has the potential to reduce osteoporotic fracture. The aim of the current narrative review is to provide an overview of what is known about the effects of exercise on bone geometry, with a focus on relevance to osteoporosis.
运动通常被推荐用于预防和管理骨质疏松症。监测骨量及其对干预措施反应的最常见方法是骨密度测定法。虽然骨密度测定法得出的面积骨矿物质密度（aBMD）与骨折风险密切相关，但它并不能可靠地反映骨几何形状或对刺激的形态学适应性。事实上，运动干预对aBMD的影响通常较小，可能无法完全体现运动对骨骼的益处。动物模型表明，机械负荷确实会影响骨几何形状，进而影响骨骼强度。这种效应在人类身上有可能降低骨质疏松性骨折的发生风险。本叙述性综述的目的是概述有关运动对骨几何形状影响的已知情况，重点关注其与骨质疏松症的相关性。
