Hassan Raha, Day Kimberly L, Van Lieshout Ryan J, Schmidt Louis A
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida.
Dev Psychobiol. 2018 Nov;60(7):862-874. doi: 10.1002/dev.21740. Epub 2018 Jun 17.
Although inhibitory control (IC) is associated with children's positive adjustment, we know relatively little about factors underlying its development. We examined whether baseline and on-task respiratory sinus arrhythmia [(RSA); a physiological measure of self-regulation] and private speech (a behavioral measure of self-regulation) interacted to confer differences on directly observed IC in 52 typically developing 4-year olds. We found that baseline RSA moderated the association between private speech and IC, such that private speech positively predicted IC in children with relatively higher baseline RSA, but was unrelated to IC in children with relatively lower RSA. We also found that children with a concordant physiological-behavioral pattern (i.e., high RSA and high private speech; low RSA and low private speech) had higher IC, higher effortful control, and lower negative emotionality than those with a discordant physiological-behavioral pattern (i.e., high RSA and low private speech; low RSA and high private speech). Individual differences in physiological and behavioral self-regulation indices may represent distinct regulation pathways that interact to confer differences in IC during the preschool years.
尽管抑制控制（IC）与儿童的积极适应有关，但我们对其发展背后的因素了解相对较少。我们研究了基线和任务中的呼吸性窦性心律不齐[（RSA）；一种自我调节的生理指标]以及内部言语（一种自我调节的行为指标）是否相互作用，从而在52名发育正常的4岁儿童中，使直接观察到的抑制控制产生差异。我们发现，基线RSA调节了内部言语与抑制控制之间的关联，即内部言语在基线RSA相对较高的儿童中正向预测抑制控制，但在RSA相对较低的儿童中与抑制控制无关。我们还发现，具有一致生理-行为模式（即高RSA和高内部言语；低RSA和低内部言语）的儿童比具有不一致生理-行为模式（即高RSA和低内部言语；低RSA和高内部言语）的儿童具有更高的抑制控制、更高的努力控制和更低的负面情绪。生理和行为自我调节指标的个体差异可能代表了不同的调节途径，这些途径相互作用，在学前阶段导致抑制控制的差异。
