Whedon Margaret, Perry Nicole B, Curtis Erica B, Bell Martha Ann
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University.
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin.
Early Child Res Q. 2021;56:213-224. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.03.013. Epub 2021 May 4.
In this study (N=160), we observed children's private (i.e., self-directed) speech (PS) during a challenging puzzle task at age 3 and assessed whether the amount and maturity of their PS predicted their inhibitory control (IC) at age 4 and indirectly emotion regulation at age 9. Additionally, we examined whether the direct and indirect effects of PS were moderated by children's temperament. As expected, the maturity of children's PS was positively associated with IC and this association was stronger when children were reported as higher in anger reactivity by mothers (the interaction accounting for 11% of the explained variance). Children low in temperamental anger tend to have good IC and may not need to use PS. When children were at or above the mean on anger reactivity, PS maturity was indirectly associated with better emotion regulation at age 9 through an influence on IC at age 4 (index of moderated mediation =1.03 [.10, 3.60]). Findings suggest that PS is an important self-regulatory tool for 3-year-olds who typically experience and express anger.
在本研究（N = 160）中，我们观察了3岁儿童在具有挑战性的拼图任务中的私下（即自我导向）言语（PS），并评估了他们PS的数量和成熟度是否能预测其4岁时的抑制控制（IC）以及间接预测其9岁时的情绪调节。此外，我们还研究了PS的直接和间接影响是否会因儿童的气质而有所不同。正如预期的那样，儿童PS的成熟度与IC呈正相关，并且当母亲报告孩子的愤怒反应性较高时，这种关联更强（该交互作用占解释方差的11%）。气质性愤怒较低的儿童往往具有良好的IC，可能不需要使用PS。当儿童的愤怒反应性处于或高于平均水平时，PS成熟度通过对4岁时IC的影响，在9岁时与更好的情绪调节间接相关（调节中介指数 = 1.03 [.10, 3.60]）。研究结果表明，PS对于那些通常会体验和表达愤怒的3岁儿童来说是一种重要的自我调节工具。
