Identification of Rice Extract Components that Increase β-Glucocerebrosidase Levels in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.

Rice miso contains many ingredients derived from rice and has been a valuable source of nutrition since ancient times. We found that the consumption of rice miso led to improvements in the moisture content of cheek stratum corneum, skin viscoelasticity, and skin texture. Further, rice miso extract was found to increase the mRNA expression and activity of β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCase), an enzyme involved in ceramide synthesis in the stratum corneum, in cultures. In this study, we identified the lipid-derived components of rice that increase the β-GCase activity in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. The methanol fraction of rice extract induced an increase in the mRNA expression and activity of β-GCase in keratinocytes. The active fraction of rice was found to contain phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The total PA concentration in rice was 973.9 ng/mg dry weight, which was 17.5 times higher than that in steamed rice. Among the molecular species, PA_18:2/18:2 was the most frequently found. The total LPA concentration in rice was 29.6 ng/mg dry weight, and 2-LPA_18:2 was the most frequently found LPA. Since PA and LPA increase the mRNA expression and activity of β-GCase in keratinocytes, they are thought to be the active ingredients in rice that increase the β-GCase levels in human epidermal keratinocytes.