Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2018 Sep 7;96(9):3748-3756. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky243.
Milk yield is a crucial component of a sow operation because it is a limiting factor for piglet growth rate. Stimulating mammary development is one avenue that could be used to improve sow milk production. A number of studies have shown that nutrition of gilts or sows during the periods of rapid mammary accretion occurring during prepuberty, gestation, and lactation can affect mammary development. The present review provides an overview of all the information currently published on the subject. Various nutritional treatments can bring about increases in mammary tissue weight ranging from 27% to 52%. It was clearly established that feed restriction from 90 d of age (but not before 90 d) until puberty has detrimental effects on mammary development in pigs. Ad libitum feeding during that period increased mammary parenchymal weight by 36% to 52%. Body condition is also important because gilts that were obese (36-mm backfat) or too lean (12- to 15-mm backfat) in late gestation had less developed mammary tissue. Furthermore, overfeeding energy in late gestation seems to be detrimental. On the other hand, increasing energy and protein intakes of sows during lactation was beneficial for development of mammary tissue. Feeding certain plant extracts with estrogenic or hyperprolactinemic properties may also prove beneficial in stimulating mammary development at specific physiological periods. For example, feeding genistein to prepubertal gilts increased parenchymal DNA by 44%. Even though research was carried out on the nutritional control of mammogenesis in pigs, it is evident that much remains to be learned before the best nutritional strategy to enhance mammary development can be developed.
奶产量是母猪养殖的关键因素，因为它是仔猪生长速度的限制因素。刺激乳腺发育是提高母猪产奶量的一种途径。许多研究表明，后备母猪或妊娠母猪和哺乳期母猪在快速乳腺增生期间的营养状况会影响乳腺发育。本文综述了目前所有关于该主题的信息。各种营养处理可使乳腺组织重量增加 27%至 52%。明确的是，从 90 日龄（但不早于 90 日龄）到青春期的限饲对猪的乳腺发育有不利影响。在此期间自由采食可使乳腺实质重量增加 36%至 52%。体况也很重要，因为妊娠后期肥胖（36 毫米背膘厚）或太瘦（12-15 毫米背膘厚）的后备母猪乳腺组织发育较差。此外，妊娠后期过度喂养能量似乎是有害的。另一方面，增加哺乳期母猪的能量和蛋白质摄入量有利于乳腺组织的发育。在特定的生理时期，给母猪喂食具有雌激素或催乳素特性的某些植物提取物也可能有助于刺激乳腺发育。例如，给青春期前的后备母猪喂食金雀异黄素可使实质 DNA 增加 44%。尽管已经对猪乳腺发生的营养控制进行了研究，但在制定最佳的营养策略来增强乳腺发育之前，显然还有很多知识需要学习。
