Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Center for Young Adult Addiction and Recovery, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Aug 1;189:131-138. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
The general public, treatment professionals, and healthcare professionals have been found to exhibit an explicit negative bias towards substance use and individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). Terms such as "substance abuser" and "opioid addict" have shown to elicit greater negative explicit bias. However, other common terms have yet to be empirically studied.
1,288 participants were recruited from ResearchMatch. Participants were assigned into one of seven groups with different hypothesized stigmatizing and non-stigmatizing terms. Participants completed a Go/No Association Task (GNAT) and vignette-based social distance scale. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze the GNAT results, and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze vignette results.
The terms "substance abuser", "addict", "alcoholic", and "opioid addict", were strongly associated with the negative and significantly different from the positive counterterms. "Relapse" and "Recurrence of Use" were strongly associated with the negative; however, the strength of the "recurrence of use" positive association was higher and significantly different from the "relapse" positive association. "Pharmacotherapy" was strongly associated with the positive and significantly different than "medication-assisted treatment". Both "medication-assisted recovery" and "long-term recovery" were strongly associated with the positive, and significantly different from the negative association.
Results support calls to cease use of the terms "addict", "alcoholic", "opioid addict", and "substance abuser". Additionally, it is suggested that "recurrence of use" and "pharmacotherapy" be used for their overall positive benefits. Both "medication-assisted recovery" and "long-term recovery" are positive terms and can be used when applicable without promoting stigma.
公众、治疗专业人员和医疗保健专业人员对物质使用和物质使用障碍（SUD）患者表现出明显的负面偏见。“滥用药物者”和“阿片类药物成瘾者”等术语已被证明会引起更大的负面明确偏见。然而，其他常见的术语尚未经过实证研究。
从 ResearchMatch 招募了 1288 名参与者。参与者被分配到七个不同的组，每组都有不同的假设污名化和非污名化术语。参与者完成了 Go/No Association Task（GNAT）和基于情景的社会距离量表。重复测量方差分析用于分析 GNAT 结果，单向方差分析用于分析情景结果。
“滥用药物者”、“成瘾者”、“酗酒者”和“阿片类药物成瘾者”等术语与负面强烈相关，与正面显著不同。“复发”和“使用复发”与负面强烈相关；然而，“使用复发”的正相关强度更高，与“复发”的正相关显著不同。“药物治疗”与正相关强烈相关，与“药物辅助治疗”显著不同。“药物辅助康复”和“长期康复”均与正相关强烈相关，与负相关显著不同。
结果支持停止使用“成瘾者”、“酗酒者”、“阿片类药物成瘾者”和“滥用药物者”等术语的呼吁。此外，建议使用“使用复发”和“药物治疗”来发挥其整体积极作用。“药物辅助康复”和“长期康复”都是积极的术语，可以在适用的情况下使用，而不会造成污名化。
