Vrentas Catherine E, Schaut Robert G, Boggiatto Paola M, Olsen Steven C, Sutterwala Fayyaz S, Moayeri Mahtab
National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2018 Jul;201:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 May 21.
The inflammasome serves as a mechanism by which the body senses damage or danger. These multiprotein complexes form in the cytosol of myeloid, epithelial and potentially other cell types to drive caspase-1 cleavage and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Different types of inflammasomes, centered on (and named after) their cytosolic NLRs, respond to signals from bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as "sterile inflammatory" triggers. Despite the large body of research accumulated on rodent and human inflammasomes over the past 15 years, only recently have studies expanded to consider the role of inflammasomes in veterinary and wildlife species. Due to the key role of inflammasomes in mediating inflammatory responses observed in humans and rodents, characterization of the similarities and differences between humans/rodents and veterinary species is required to identify genetic and evolutionary influences on disease responses and to develop therapeutic candidates for use in veterinary inflammatory syndromes. Here, we summarize recent findings on inflammasomes in swine, cattle, dogs, bats, small ruminants, and birds. We describe current gaps in our knowledge and highlight promising areas for future research.
炎性小体是机体感知损伤或危险的一种机制。这些多蛋白复合物在髓样细胞、上皮细胞以及其他可能的细胞类型的胞质溶胶中形成，以驱动半胱天冬酶-1的裂解以及促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-18的分泌。不同类型的炎性小体以其胞质内的NLRs为核心（并以其命名），对来自细菌、真菌和病毒的信号以及“无菌性炎症”触发因素作出反应。尽管在过去15年里，关于啮齿动物和人类炎性小体已有大量研究积累，但直到最近，研究才扩展到考虑炎性小体在兽医和野生动物物种中的作用。由于炎性小体在介导人类和啮齿动物中观察到的炎症反应方面的关键作用，需要对人类/啮齿动物与兽医物种之间的异同进行表征，以确定对疾病反应的遗传和进化影响，并开发用于兽医炎症综合征的治疗候选物。在此，我们总结了猪、牛、狗、蝙蝠、小型反刍动物和鸟类炎性小体的最新研究发现。我们描述了目前知识上的空白，并强调了未来研究的有希望的领域。
