Nardone Antonio, Ferrari Elena Paola
Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia.
Unità Neuroriabilitazione e Spinale, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Istituto di Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2018 Feb;40(1):48-55.
Chronic diseases are a major problem, whose importance is nowadays raising up. Up to 86% of deaths are directly related to chronic diseases in Europe as they represent large amount of total diseases, with a major impact on global health spending.
Patients suffering from heterogeneous disabilities (such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis) often show an interaction between the main disease and comorbidity and multimorbidity.
Therefore, the complicate interaction between all these ailments must be faced following specific care pathways. Within the latter ones, pharmacological, physical/cognitive and other (surgical and non-surgical) treatments should be reconciled in order to produce a synergic effect to counteract patient's clinical problems.
Finally, neuromotor rehabilitation medicine should not only be considered as a step following the acute phase but also as an effective tool of secondary and tertiary prevention aimed to avoid relapses and re-hospitalization as well as to improve patient's quality of life.
慢性病是一个重大问题，其重要性如今正在不断提高。在欧洲，高达86%的死亡与慢性病直接相关，因为慢性病在所有疾病中占比很大，对全球卫生支出有重大影响。
患有多种不同残疾的患者（如帕金森病、中风、多发性硬化症、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎）通常表现出主要疾病与合并症和多重合并症之间的相互作用。
因此，必须遵循特定的护理途径来应对所有这些疾病之间复杂的相互作用。在这些护理途径中，应协调药物治疗、物理/认知治疗以及其他（手术和非手术）治疗，以产生协同效应来对抗患者的临床问题。
最后，神经运动康复医学不应仅被视为急性期后的一个阶段，还应被视为二级和三级预防的有效工具，旨在避免复发和再次住院以及提高患者的生活质量。
