Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Research Methods Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 May 16;74(6):943-948. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly140.
Gait speed and cognitive performance tend to decline with age. A better understanding of the dynamics of the association between gait speed and cognitive status may identify preclinical markers and improve diagnostic assessments. The objective was to quantify the association between gait speed and cognitive status in later life.
A systematic search was undertaken of relevant databases for original articles published prior to June 2017, measuring the association between gait speed and cognition cross-sectionally or longitudinally among the community-dwelling population. A meta-analysis pooled results of the mean difference between concurrent measures of gait speed in the normal cognition group compared to non-normal cognition groups.
Thirty-six studies were selected, providing data from 29,520 participants. The majority of studies reported a significant association between slower gait speed and worse cognitive function in older people. Results of the meta-analysis of 27 studies showed that, compared to normal controls, clinically meaningful reductions in gait speed ranged from 0.11 m/s in those with cognitive impairment, to 0.20 m/s in those with mild dementia, and to 0.41 m/s in those with moderate dementia.
The strength of evidence for an association between gait speed and cognition was demonstrated by the number and consistency of results, as well as quality of the studies. Identification of diagnostic markers of motor-cognitive risk has led to increasing interest in the effects of interventions for prevention of gait speed loss and cognitive decline in aging.
随着年龄的增长，步态速度和认知表现往往会下降。更好地了解步态速度与认知状态之间的关联动态，可以确定临床前的标志物并改善诊断评估。本研究的目的是量化晚年生活中步态速度与认知状态之间的关联。
系统检索了截至 2017 年 6 月之前发表的相关数据库中的原始文章，这些文章测量了社区居住人群中步态速度与认知的横断面或纵向关联。荟萃分析汇总了正常认知组与非正常认知组之间的步态速度同步测量的平均值差异的结果。
选择了 36 项研究，提供了 29520 名参与者的数据。大多数研究报告称，老年人步态速度较慢与认知功能较差之间存在显著关联。27 项研究的荟萃分析结果表明，与正常对照组相比，认知障碍者的步态速度明显降低，范围从 0.11m/s 到轻度痴呆者的 0.20m/s，再到中度痴呆者的 0.41m/s。
证据表明步态速度与认知之间存在关联，这体现在结果的数量、一致性以及研究的质量上。运动认知风险的诊断标志物的识别，导致人们越来越关注干预措施对预防衰老过程中步态速度下降和认知能力下降的影响。
