Romani Andrea M.P.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the fourth most abundant cation in the whole body and the second most abundant cation within the cell. Numerous cellular functions and enzymes, including ion channels, metabolic cycles, and signalling pathways are regulated by Mg2+. Our understanding of how cells regulate Mg2+ homeostasis and transport has registered significant progress in recent time. Yet, several aspects of Mg2+ homeostasis within cellular organelles, and the nature of the Mg2+ extrusion mechanisms at the cell membrane, are still undefined. The present work attempts to provide a comprehensive and updated review of the mechanisms regulating cellular Mg2+ homeostasis in eukaryotic cells under physiological conditions and the modifications these mechanisms undergo in various human and animal pathologies.
镁（Mg2+）是全身第四丰富的阳离子，也是细胞内第二丰富的阳离子。许多细胞功能和酶，包括离子通道、代谢循环和信号通路，都受Mg2+的调节。近年来，我们对细胞如何调节Mg2+稳态和转运的理解取得了重大进展。然而，细胞器内Mg2+稳态的几个方面以及细胞膜上Mg2+外排机制的性质仍不明确。本研究试图全面且更新地综述生理条件下真核细胞中调节细胞Mg2+稳态的机制，以及这些机制在各种人类和动物病理学中所经历的变化。
