Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011 Aug 1;512(1):1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.05.010. Epub 2011 May 27.
Magnesium, the second most abundant cellular cation after potassium, is essential to regulate numerous cellular functions and enzymes, including ion channels, metabolic cycles, and signaling pathways, as attested by more than 1000 entries in the literature. Despite significant recent progress, however, our understanding of how cells regulate Mg(2+) homeostasis and transport still remains incomplete. For example, the occurrence of major fluxes of Mg(2+) in either direction across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells following metabolic or hormonal stimuli has been extensively documented. Yet, the mechanisms ultimately responsible for magnesium extrusion across the cell membrane have not been cloned. Even less is known about the regulation in cellular organelles. The present review is aimed at providing the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms enacted by eukaryotic cells to regulate cellular Mg(2+) homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered under specific pathological conditions.
镁是细胞内钾之后第二丰富的阳离子，对于调节多种细胞功能和酶至关重要，这一点在文献中已有超过 1000 条记录为证。然而，尽管最近取得了重大进展，我们对于细胞如何调节镁稳态和运输仍然了解不完整。例如，哺乳动物细胞的细胞膜在代谢或激素刺激下会发生镁离子的大量顺向或逆向流动，这一点已经得到了广泛的证实。但是，负责镁离子穿过细胞膜的外向转运的机制仍未被克隆。对于细胞内细胞器的调节，我们的了解则更少。本篇综述旨在为读者提供一个全面而又与时俱进的认识，即真核细胞是如何调节细胞内镁稳态的，以及这些机制在特定病理条件下是如何改变的。
