Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Microb Drug Resist. 2018 Dec;24(10):1475-1482. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0042. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
A total of 50 strains were isolated from clinical samples from 2009 to 2012 and analyzed for the presence of virulence genes found in SPI-1, SPI-2, and plasmids. The distribution and frequency of the antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids were revealed, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were investigated. Five genes were identified from the seven strains with resistance or intermediate resistance to ampicillin: blaSHV-1 (present in six strains), qnrS1 (present in five strains), blaTEM-1 (present in three strains), blaCTX-M-1 (present in one strain), and qnrB1 (present in one strain). One trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant strain was positive for sulI but negative for sulII. In addition, we detected TEM-1 and qnrS1 in one strain; SHV-1 and qnrS1 in two strains; TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-1, and qnrS1 in one strain; TEM-1, SHV-1, and qnrB1 in one strain; and SHV-1 and sulI genes in one strain together. Plasmid-based replicon typing assay revealed that all 50 strains carried FIIS, 13 carried I1, 1 carried I2, 4 carried P, 1 carried A/C, and 4 carried X1 replicon. PFGE was used to type 46 of the 50 strains and classify them into 22 major groups, 33 pulsotypes, and 8 major clusters. All strains carried all the virulence genes of interest on both Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 and plasmids suggested high potential for pathogenicity. All antimicrobial-resistant strains contained at least one of the resistance genes of interest, confirming a phenotype-genotype association in antimicrobial resistance.
从 2009 年至 2012 年，共从临床样本中分离出 50 株菌株，并对其进行了分析，以确定存在于 SPI-1、SPI-2 和质粒中的毒力基因。揭示了抗菌药物耐药基因和质粒的分布和频率，并研究了脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）模式。从 7 株对氨苄西林耐药或中介的菌株中鉴定出 5 个基因：blaSHV-1（存在于 6 株菌中）、qnrS1（存在于 5 株菌中）、blaTEM-1（存在于 3 株菌中）、blaCTX-M-1（存在于 1 株菌中）和 qnrB1（存在于 1 株菌中）。一株对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药的菌株 sulI 阳性但 sulII 阴性。此外，我们在一株菌中检测到 TEM-1 和 qnrS1；两株菌中检测到 SHV-1 和 qnrS1；一株菌中检测到 TEM-1、SHV-1、CTX-M-1 和 qnrS1；一株菌中检测到 TEM-1、SHV-1 和 qnrB1；一株菌中检测到 SHV-1 和 sulI 基因。质粒复制子分型检测显示，所有 50 株菌均携带 FIIS，13 株菌携带 I1，1 株菌携带 I2，4 株菌携带 P，1 株菌携带 A/C，4 株菌携带 X1 复制子。对 50 株菌中的 46 株进行了 PFGE 分型，将其分为 22 个主要组群、33 个脉冲型和 8 个主要聚类。所有菌株均携带 1 型和 2 型致病性岛和质粒上所有感兴趣的毒力基因，表明其具有较高的致病性。所有耐药菌株均携带至少一个感兴趣的耐药基因，证实了抗菌药物耐药表型与基因型之间的关联。
