The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
Curr Biol. 2018 Jun 18;28(12):R688-R693. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.019.
Cohesin is a ring-shaped protein complex that organises the genome, enabling its condensation, expression, repair and transmission. Cohesin is best known for its role in chromosome segregation, where it provides the cohesion that is established between the two newly duplicated sister chromatids during S phase. This cohesion enables the proper attachment of sister chromatids to microtubules of the spindle by resisting their opposing pulling forces. Once all chromosomes are correctly attached, cohesin is abruptly destroyed, triggering the equal segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles in anaphase. Here we summarise the molecular functions and regulation of cohesin that underlie its central role in chromosome segregation during mitosis.
黏合蛋白是一种环状蛋白复合物，可对基因组进行组织，使其发生浓缩、表达、修复和传递。黏合蛋白最为人知的功能是在染色体分离中发挥作用，在 S 期，它在两个新复制的姐妹染色单体之间提供了黏合作用。这种黏合作用使姐妹染色单体能够抵抗纺锤体微管的相反拉力，正确地附着在微管上。一旦所有染色体都正确附着，黏合蛋白就会突然被破坏，引发姐妹染色单体在后期向相反的两极等分到。在这里，我们总结了黏合蛋白的分子功能和调节，这些功能和调节是其在有丝分裂过程中发挥染色体分离核心作用的基础。
