Division of Social Work, California State University, Sacramento, 600 J Street Sacramento, CA 95812, United States.
Division of Social Work, California State University, Sacramento, 600 J Street Sacramento, CA 95812, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Aug;82:201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 17.
According to bystander theory, factors such as the community environment, collective efficacy, and history of adverse childhood experiences could be related to likelihood of reporting or intervening against maltreatment. An online survey was conducted with 946 general population Californians obtained through mixed-mode random probability and quota-based recruitment methods. Using an experimental vignette design, participants were randomly assigned to two scenarios: a) potential child abuse occurring in their neighborhood; b) potential child abuse in an unfamiliar neighborhood. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models assessed relationships between the vignette condition, collective efficacy, appraisal of the behavior, and likelihood of reporting or intervening. The results suggested that perceiving the vignette as occurring in your own neighborhood was associated with lower odds of viewing the behavior as appropriate and considering it abusive. Higher collective efficacy scores were associated with lower odds of viewing the incident as inappropriate but higher odds of personally intervening. Adverse childhood experiences were positively related to reporting the incident to child protective services and intervening. Bystanders may be more likely to give parents in their own neighborhood "the benefit of the doubt" by viewing their abusive behaviors as less severe, potentially leading to underreporting. Neighborhood collective efficacy might increase willingness to personally intervene, but not contact systems such as child protective services or police, suggesting that enhanced trust in communities does not extend to these institutions. Our findings have implications for neighborhood and education interventions to enhance understanding of and willingness to intervene on behalf of children.
根据旁观者理论，社区环境、集体效能和不良童年经历史等因素可能与报告或干预虐待行为的可能性有关。本研究通过混合模式随机概率和基于配额的招募方法，对 946 名加利福尼亚普通人群进行了在线调查。采用实验情境设计，参与者被随机分配到两种情境：a）邻里潜在的虐待儿童行为；b）陌生社区的潜在虐待儿童行为。加权多变量逻辑回归模型评估了情境条件、集体效能、行为评估与报告或干预可能性之间的关系。结果表明，将情境视为发生在自己社区与将行为视为适当的可能性降低有关，且更可能认为该行为是虐待行为。较高的集体效能得分与将事件视为不适当的可能性降低但个人干预的可能性增加有关。不良童年经历与向儿童保护服务机构报告事件和进行干预呈正相关。旁观者可能更倾向于通过将自己社区中父母的虐待行为视为不那么严重，从而给予他们“怀疑的好处”，这可能导致报告不足。邻里集体效能可能会增加个人干预的意愿，但不会增加对儿童保护服务或警察等系统的干预意愿，这表明对社区的信任程度并未扩展到这些机构。我们的研究结果对邻里和教育干预措施具有启示意义，可增强对儿童的干预意愿。
