脂肪来源和骨髓间充质干细胞：供体匹配比较。

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been introduced as an alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for cell-based therapy. However, different studies comparing ASCs and BMSCs have shown conflicting results. In fact, harvesting ASCs and BMSCs from different individuals might influence the results, making comparison difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize donor-matched ASCs and BMSCs in order to investigate proliferation, differentiation potential and possible effects of donor variation on these mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: Human bone marrow and adipose tissue samples were obtained from nine donors aged 8-14. ASCs and BMSCs were isolated and characterized based on expression of surface markers using flow cytometry. The proliferation up to 21 days was investigated. Multi-lineage differentiation was induced using osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was monitored and collagen type I formation was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. In vitro multi-potency was studied using tissue-specific stains and lineage-specific gene expression. In addition, the osteogenic lineage was evaluated at protein level. RESULTS: Isolated ASCs and BMSCs from all donors demonstrated morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of MSCs, with expression of MSCs markers and negative expression of hematopoietic markers. Unlike BMSCs, ASCs showed high expression of CD49d and low expression of Stro-1. In general, ASCs showed significantly higher proliferation and adipogenic capacity with more lipid vesicle formation and expression of the adipogenesis-related genes than BMSCs. In contrast, BMSCs showed significantly higher osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity compared to ASCs. BMSCs had earlier and higher ALP activity, calcium deposition, and expression of the osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related genes and the osteogenesis-related protein osteopontin. Proliferation and differentiation capacity of ASCs and BMSCs varied significantly among the donors. CONCLUSIONS: ASCs and BMSCs showed tissue-specific differentiation abilities, but with significant variation between donors. The similarities and differences in the properties of ASCs and BMSCs should be taken into consideration when planning stem cell-based therapy.

背景：脂肪来源的干细胞（ASCs）已被引入作为骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）的替代物，用于基于细胞的治疗。然而，比较 ASCs 和 BMSCs 的不同研究结果显示出相互矛盾的结果。事实上，从不同个体中采集 ASCs 和 BMSCs 可能会影响结果，使比较变得困难。因此，本研究旨在对供体匹配的 ASCs 和 BMSCs 进行特征描述，以研究增殖、分化潜能以及供体变异性对这些间充质干细胞（MSCs）的可能影响。

方法：从 9 名年龄在 8-14 岁的供体中获得人骨髓和脂肪组织样本。通过流式细胞术检测表面标志物的表达，分离和鉴定 ASCs 和 BMSCs。研究了 21 天的增殖情况。使用成骨、软骨和成脂分化培养基诱导多谱系分化。通过碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性监测和免疫荧光染色评估胶原 I 形成。通过组织特异性染色和谱系特异性基因表达研究体外多能性。此外，还在蛋白质水平评估了成骨谱系。

结果：从所有供体中分离的 ASCs 和 BMSCs 均表现出 MSC 的形态和免疫表型特征，表达 MSC 标志物，且阴性表达造血标志物。与 BMSCs 不同，ASCs 表现出高 CD49d 表达和低 Stro-1 表达。一般来说，与 BMSCs 相比，ASCs 具有更高的增殖能力和更强的成脂能力，形成更多的脂滴，并表达更多的脂肪生成相关基因。相比之下，BMSCs 具有更高的成骨和成软骨能力，与 ASCs 相比。BMSCs 具有更早和更高的 ALP 活性、钙沉积以及成骨和成软骨相关基因和骨桥蛋白（一种成骨相关蛋白）的表达。ASCs 和 BMSCs 的增殖和分化能力在供体之间存在显著差异。

结论：ASCs 和 BMSCs 表现出组织特异性分化能力，但供体之间存在显著差异。在计划基于干细胞的治疗时，应考虑 ASCs 和 BMSCs 性质的异同。