O'Hagan Anna Donnla, Issartel Johann, McGinley Eoghan, Warrington Giles
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018 Jul 1;89(7):609-615. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5056.2018.
Sleep loss can result in cognitive, motor, and neurobehavioral impairments. In an aviation context, this can cause a serious threat to flight safety. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effects of 24-h sleep deprivation on mood, fatigue, and airline pilot competencies.
Seven subjects attended two 24-h testing periods, one with an 8-h sleep opportunity, and the other with no sleep opportunity (i.e., sleep deprivation). Subjects were required to complete a battery of mood, fatigue, and analogue measures of pilot competency tasks every 8 h (0 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h) throughout each testing period.
While total mood disturbance was found to significantly increase (83.42, SD = 25.7), both objective (352.71, SD = 42.00) and subjective (34.85, SD = 8.82) fatigue were found to significantly decrease following 24-h sleep deprivation. Cognitive flexibility (757.45, SD = 58.48) and hand-eye coordination (dominant hand only) (60.28, SD = 3.86) were also negatively impacted following 24-h sleep deprivation. However, working memory and situation awareness were not significantly negatively impacted by the bout of sleep deprivation.
Some pilot-specific task-related factors such as subjective fatigue, cognitive flexibility, and working memory were found to be particularly susceptible to sleep loss, with significant declines in performance observed following 16-h continuous wakefulness, suggesting reductions in optimal functioning following this period of wakefulness. Further investigation using more regular testing time points, employing additional pilot competencies, and using more aviation-specific tasks is warranted.O'Hagan AD, Issartel J, McGinley E, Warrington G. A pilot study exploring the effects of sleep deprivation on analogue measures of pilot competencies. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):609-615.
睡眠不足会导致认知、运动和神经行为方面的损伤。在航空领域，这会对飞行安全造成严重威胁。因此，本研究旨在调查24小时睡眠剥夺对情绪、疲劳和航空公司飞行员能力的影响。
七名受试者参加了两个24小时的测试阶段，一个阶段有8小时的睡眠机会，另一个阶段没有睡眠机会（即睡眠剥夺）。在每个测试阶段，受试者需要每8小时（0小时、8小时、16小时、24小时）完成一系列关于情绪、疲劳和飞行员能力任务的模拟测量。
虽然发现总的情绪紊乱显著增加（83.42，标准差=25.7），但在24小时睡眠剥夺后，客观疲劳（352.71，标准差=42.00）和主观疲劳（34.85，标准差=8.82）均显著降低。24小时睡眠剥夺后，认知灵活性（757.45，标准差=58.48）和手眼协调能力（仅优势手）（60.28，标准差=3.86）也受到负面影响。然而，工作记忆和态势感知并未因此次睡眠剥夺而受到显著负面影响。
一些与飞行员特定任务相关的因素，如主观疲劳、认知灵活性和工作记忆，被发现特别容易受到睡眠不足的影响，在连续清醒16小时后观察到表现显著下降，这表明在此期间清醒后最佳功能有所下降。有必要使用更规律的测试时间点、采用更多飞行员能力指标以及使用更多航空特定任务进行进一步研究。奥哈根AD、伊萨尔特尔J、麦金利E、沃林顿G。一项探索睡眠剥夺对飞行员能力模拟测量影响的初步研究。航空航天医学与人类表现。2018；89（7）：609 - 615。
