Klein E A, Streem S B, Novick A C
Urol Clin North Am. 1985 Aug;12(3):411-21.
An incidentally discovered mass lesion is the most frequent indication for intraoperative consultation involving the retroperitoneum or adrenal gland. The goal of the surgeon is to determine the nature and extent of the lesion and, for solid lesions, to obtain a biopsy adequate for histopathologic diagnosis. Benign lesions may be excised locally, whereas therapy for malignancies depends upon the individual circumstances of the patient, the histology of the lesion, and involvement of adjacent organs. Treatment of hematomas requires early vascular control. Adrenal tissue should be preserved whenever possible.
偶然发现的肿块病变是涉及腹膜后或肾上腺的术中会诊最常见的指征。外科医生的目标是确定病变的性质和范围，对于实性病变，要获取足够用于组织病理学诊断的活检样本。良性病变可进行局部切除，而恶性肿瘤的治疗则取决于患者的个体情况、病变的组织学类型以及相邻器官的受累情况。血肿的治疗需要尽早控制血管。应尽可能保留肾上腺组织。
