Malinova Irina, Qasim Hadeel M, Brust Henrike, Fettke Joerg
Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Jun 5;9:761. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00761. eCollection 2018.
Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in most photosynthetic organisms and allows the accumulation of carbon and energy in form of an insoluble and semi-crystalline particle. In the last decades large progress, especially in the model plant , was made in understanding the structure and metabolism of starch and its conjunction. The process underlying the initiation of starch granules remains obscure, although this is a fundamental process and seems to be strongly regulated, as in Arabidopsis leaves the starch granule number per chloroplast is fixed with 5-7. Several single, double, and triple mutants were reported in the last years that showed massively alterations in the starch granule number per chloroplast and allowed further insights in this important process. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge of processes involved in the initiation and formation of starch granules. We discuss the central role of starch synthase 4 and further proteins for starch genesis and affecting metabolic factors.
淀粉是大多数光合生物中主要的储存碳水化合物，它能以不溶性半结晶颗粒的形式积累碳和能量。在过去几十年里，尤其是在模式植物中，人们在理解淀粉的结构、代谢及其连接方面取得了巨大进展。尽管淀粉颗粒起始过程是一个基本过程且似乎受到严格调控，比如在拟南芥叶片中每个叶绿体的淀粉颗粒数量固定为5至7个，但该过程的潜在机制仍不清楚。近年来报道了几个单突变体、双突变体和三突变体，它们显示出每个叶绿体中淀粉颗粒数量的大量改变，这有助于进一步了解这一重要过程。本综述概述了目前关于淀粉颗粒起始和形成过程的知识。我们讨论了淀粉合酶4和其他蛋白质在淀粉生成中的核心作用以及影响代谢的因素。
