Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Animal Biology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Nov;233(11):8538-8550. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26850. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Gastric and esophageal cancers are as main cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which are associated with poor diagnosis and survival. Several efforts were made in the past few decades to finding effective therapeutic approaches, but these approaches had several problems. Finding new biomarkers is a critical step in finding new approaches for the treatment of these cancers. Finding new biomarkers that cover various aspects of the diseases could provide a choice of suitable therapies and better monitoring of patients with these cancers. Among several biomarkers tissue specific and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful candidates in the diagnosis of gastric and esophageal cancers. MiRNAs are small noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules that are found in the blood and regulate gene expression. These have numerous characteristics that make them suitable for being used as ideal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Research has indicated that the level and profile of miRNA in serum and plasma are very high. They are potentially noninvasive and sensitive enough to detect tumors in their primary stages of infection. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the presence, absence, or deregulation of several circulating miRNAs (i.e., let-7a, miR-21, miR-93, miR-192a, miR-18a, and miR-10b for gastric cancer, and miR-21, miR-375, miR-25-3p, miR-151a-3p, and miR-100-3p for esophageal cancer) are associated with initiation and progression of gastric and esophageal cancers. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the roles of miRNAs in diagnosis and treatment of gastric and esophageal cancers.
胃癌和食管癌是胃肠道（GI）的主要癌症，其诊断和生存率较差。在过去几十年中，人们做了许多努力来寻找有效的治疗方法，但这些方法存在一些问题。寻找新的生物标志物是寻找这些癌症新治疗方法的关键步骤。寻找涵盖疾病各个方面的新生物标志物，可以为这些癌症患者提供合适的治疗选择和更好的监测。在几种生物标志物中，组织特异性和循环 microRNAs（miRNAs）已成为胃癌和食管癌诊断的有力候选物。miRNAs 是存在于血液中的小的非编码单链 RNA 分子，可调节基因表达。它们具有许多特征，使其适合用作癌症诊断的理想生物标志物。研究表明，血清和血浆中 miRNA 的水平和谱非常高。它们具有潜在的非侵入性和足够的敏感性，可以在肿瘤的早期感染阶段进行检测。多项研究表明，几种循环 miRNA（即胃癌中的 let-7a、miR-21、miR-93、miR-192a、miR-18a 和 miR-10b，以及食管癌中的 miR-21、miR-375、miR-25-3p、miR-151a-3p 和 miR-100-3p）的存在、缺失或失调与胃癌和食管癌的发生和发展有关。本文综述的目的是强调 miRNA 在胃癌和食管癌诊断和治疗中的最新进展。
