National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
School of Management, Faculty of Business, Government and Law, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Indian J Public Health. 2018 Apr-Jun;62(2):82-88. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_153_17.
Bangladesh has been struggling to reduce the prevalence of childhood undernutrition, which impedes physical and mental capability and accelerates morbidity and mortality.
The objective of the paper is to examine the changes over time in the association between potential covariates and nutritional status of Bangladeshi children.
The study combined and analyzed data from six waves of Demographic and Health Surveys between 1997 and 2014. Multivariable binary logistic regression models have been fitted to data from individual waves. Overall association has been investigated using forest plots, and meta-regression has been utilized to assess the pace of change in the association over time.
Parental education and place of residence showed a consistent association with nutritional status of children. Children from parents with no little education were more likely to be undernourished than those from parents with secondary or higher level of education (odds ratio [OR] in 1997 = 3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.65-4.22, OR in 2004 = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.58-2.37). On the other hand, gaps in the association of wealth and childhood nutrition have been widening consistently so that in 2014 children from households from the lowest 40% wealth category were 2.66 times (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.13-3.33) as likely as to be undernourished than those from upper 20%.
The findings have policy implications in terms of developing programs directed to mothers with a relatively poor socioeconomic background. A specific example would be providing nutritional education in relation to importance of childhood nutrition or cheaper nutritious food.
孟加拉国一直在努力降低儿童营养不良的发生率，因为这种情况会阻碍儿童的身体和精神发育，并加速发病率和死亡率。
本文旨在研究随着时间的推移，潜在协变量与孟加拉国儿童营养状况之间的关联变化。
本研究结合并分析了 1997 年至 2014 年期间六次人口与健康调查的数据。多变量二项逻辑回归模型适用于各次调查的数据。使用森林图调查整体关联，利用元回归评估关联随时间变化的变化速度。
父母的教育程度和居住地点与儿童的营养状况一直存在关联。父母没有接受过多少教育的儿童比父母接受过中等或高等教育的儿童更容易营养不良（1997 年的比值比[OR]为 3.34，95%置信区间[CI]为 2.65-4.22，2004 年的 OR 为 1.93，95% CI 为 1.58-2.37）。另一方面，财富与儿童营养之间的关联差距一直在扩大，以至于在 2014 年，来自收入最低的 40%家庭的儿童营养不良的可能性是来自收入较高的 20%家庭的儿童的 2.66 倍（OR=2.66，95% CI=2.13-3.33）。
这些发现对制定针对社会经济背景相对较差的母亲的方案具有政策意义。一个具体的例子是提供与儿童营养重要性或更便宜的营养食品相关的营养教育。
