Atwa Hoda, AbdAllah Nouran, Abd El Gawad Heba
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt.
Pediatric Department of the Ministry of Health Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2017 Mar 1;92(1):11-17. doi: 10.21608/epx.2017.7004.
A significant number of children sustain head injuries every year. Despite this, few studies in Egypt have provided detailed information about these injuries.
The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and outcome of head injury among children presenting to the emergency department in the Suez Canal University Hospital.
A clinical follow-up study including 70 patients, aged 18 years or less, who presented to the emergency department, with head injuries, in the period from March 2014 to February 2015. Patients were grouped according to their ages into three subgroups: <2, 2-5, and >5 years old. Collected data included patients' demographics, injury causes, severity, timing of injuries, and the eventual outcome after a follow-up period of 3 months. Severity of head injury was based on the general level of consciousness using the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale. The functional outcome at the final follow-up was assessed using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury.
Male-to-female ratio was 1.4 : 1. The highest incidence was in the age group of 2-5 years. The main causes were traffic injury and falls (35.7% for each), followed by home injuries (21%) and sport-related injuries (7%). Regarding the severity of injury, 81% of children had mild injury, 13% had moderate injury, and 6% had severe injury. Concussion was the most common type of head injury (56%), followed by skull fractures (23%). The functional outcome was assessed at the time of discharge, and 3 months later. Good recovery was achieved in 91% of children; moderate disability was present in 7% of children; and less than 2% of the children showed sustained severe disability.
Children aged 5 years or less comprised 75% of the children who presented to the hospital following head injury. Falls and road traffic accidents were the most common causes of injury. Most injuries were of mild severity, and concussion was the most common encountered type of injury. Assessment of functional outcome showed good recovery in most children. Enforcement of strict effective regulations and observing safety measures during driving by authorities is needed to reduce traffic accidents. Health education programs for parents about careful supervision and first aid should be provided to help prevent child head injury and its disastrous consequences.
每年有大量儿童头部受伤。尽管如此，埃及很少有研究提供有关这些损伤的详细信息。
本研究旨在调查在苏伊士运河大学医院急诊科就诊的儿童头部损伤的流行病学情况及预后。
一项临床随访研究，纳入2014年3月至2015年2月期间在急诊科就诊的70例18岁及以下头部受伤的患者。患者按年龄分为三个亚组：<2岁、2 - 5岁和>5岁。收集的数据包括患者的人口统计学信息、损伤原因、严重程度、受伤时间以及3个月随访期后的最终结局。头部损伤的严重程度基于使用小儿格拉斯哥昏迷量表评估的意识总体水平。最终随访时的功能结局使用儿童头部损伤国王结局量表进行评估。
男女比例为1.4 : 1。发病率最高的年龄组为2 - 5岁。主要原因是交通伤和跌倒（各占35.7%），其次是家庭伤害（21%）和与运动相关的伤害（7%）。关于损伤严重程度，81%的儿童为轻度损伤，13%为中度损伤，6%为重度损伤。脑震荡是最常见的头部损伤类型（56%），其次是颅骨骨折（23%）。在出院时和3个月后评估功能结局。91%的儿童恢复良好；7%的儿童有中度残疾；不到2%的儿童有持续性重度残疾。
5岁及以下儿童占头部受伤后到医院就诊儿童的75%。跌倒和道路交通事故是最常见的受伤原因。大多数损伤为轻度，脑震荡是最常见的损伤类型。功能结局评估显示大多数儿童恢复良好。当局需要执行严格有效的法规并在驾驶期间遵守安全措施以减少交通事故。应向家长提供有关仔细监督和急救的健康教育计划，以帮助预防儿童头部损伤及其灾难性后果。
