Differentiation of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy from ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients Activated for Fast-Track Coronary Angiography.

OBJECTIVE

To compare clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) features between Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

MATERIAL AND METHOD

We retrospectively reviewed clinical, electrocardiographic, and laboratory features of 20 consecutive TC patients and 155 consecutive STEMI patients who were activated for fast-track coronary angiography and were ultimately diagnosed with either TC or STEMI and compared these data between the two groups.

RESULTS

Patients with TC were older (p = 0.001), more often female (p = 0.001), had more often been triggered by intense emotional or physical stress (p = 0.001) or illness (p = 0.001), and had a lower rate of smoking (p = 0.005) than STEMI patients. Compared with patients who presented with anterior wall STEMI, those with TC less commonly had Q waves (30.0% vs. 62.9%, p = 0.007) and reciprocal change (0.0% vs. 37.1%, p = 0.001), and had a lower rate of ST-segment elevation in lead V1 (5.0% vs. 59.8%, p = 0.001). ST-segment depression was also more common in TC in lead aVR (20.0% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.008). Previously proposed ECG criteria had low sensitivity, but high specificity in our patients. Our proposed point scoring model includes the use of both clinical and ECG findings. According to our proposed model, a score ≥4 had 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity in differentiating TC from acute anterior STEMI (AUC = 0.976, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

In patients activated for fast-track coronary angiography because of acute coronary ST-segment elevation syndrome, a number of clinical and ECG features differ between TC patients and patients with true STEMI. Our proposed point scoring model that uses clinical and ECG findings demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy in differentiating TC from acute anterior STEMI.