Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2018 Jul;46(9):2270-2276. doi: 10.1177/0363546518780225. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Sports-related concussion (SRC) injury rates, and identifying those athletes at the highest risk, have been a primary research focus. However, no studies have evaluated at which time point during an athletic event athletes are most susceptible to SRCs.
To determine the clinical incidence of SRCs during the start, middle, and end of practice and competition among high school male and female athletes in the state of Michigan.
Descriptive epidemiological study.
There were 110,774 male and 71,945 female student-athletes in grades 9 through 12 (mean time in high school, 2.32 ± 1.1 years) who participated in sponsored athletic activities (13 sports) during the 2015-2016 academic year. An SRC was diagnosed and managed by a medical professional (ie, MD, DO, PA, NP). SRC injuries were reported by certified athletic trainers, athletic administrators, and coaches using the Michigan High School Athletic Association Head Injury Reporting System. Time of SRC was defined as the beginning, middle, or end of practice/competition. Clinical incidence was calculated by dividing the number of SRCs in a time point (eg, beginning) by the total number of participants in a sport per 100 student-athletes (95% CI). Risk ratios were calculated by dividing one time point by another time point.
There were 4314 SRCs reported, with the highest in football, women's basketball, and women's soccer. The total clinical incidence for all sports was 2.36 (95% CI, 2.29-2.43) per 100 student-athletes. The most common time for SRCs was the middle, followed by the end of all events. Athletes had a 4.90 (95% CI, 4.44-5.41) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.40-1.60) times greater risk during the middle of all events when compared with the beginning and end, respectively. There was a 3.28 (95% CI, 2.96-3.63) times greater risk at the end of all events when compared with the beginning.
Athletes were at the greatest risk for SRCs at the middle of practice and competition when compared with the beginning and end.
The current study suggests that medical attention is particularly important during the middle of all athletic events. Intervention measures to limit SRCs may be most beneficial during the middle of athletic events.
运动相关性脑震荡（SRC）的受伤率，以及确定哪些运动员面临最高风险，一直是主要的研究重点。然而，尚无研究评估运动员在体育赛事中的哪个时间点最容易发生 SRC。
确定密歇根州男女高中生运动员在练习和比赛开始、中间和结束时 SRC 的临床发生率。
描述性流行病学研究。
共有 110774 名 9 至 12 年级的男学生运动员（平均高中时间为 2.32±1.1 年）和 71945 名女学生运动员参加了赞助的体育活动（13 项运动）在 2015-2016 学年期间。由医学专业人员（即 MD、DO、PA、NP）诊断和管理 SRC。SRC 损伤由经过认证的运动训练师、运动管理员和教练使用密歇根州高中体育协会头部损伤报告系统报告。SRC 时间定义为练习/比赛的开始、中间或结束。通过将特定时间点（例如，开始）的 SRC 数量除以每 100 名学生运动员的运动项目总数（95%置信区间）来计算临床发生率。风险比通过将一个时间点除以另一个时间点来计算。
报告了 4314 例 SRC，其中足球、女子篮球和女子足球的 SRC 发生率最高。所有运动的总临床发生率为每 100 名学生运动员 2.36（95%置信区间，2.29-2.43）。SRC 最常见的时间是中间，其次是所有事件的结束。与开始和结束相比，运动员在所有事件的中间阶段分别有 4.90（95%置信区间，4.44-5.41）和 1.50（95%置信区间，1.40-1.60）倍的更高风险。与开始相比，所有事件的结束时风险增加了 3.28 倍（95%置信区间，2.96-3.63）。
与开始和结束相比，运动员在练习和比赛的中间阶段发生 SRC 的风险最大。
目前的研究表明，与开始和结束相比，运动员在所有体育赛事的中间阶段特别容易发生 SRC。限制 SRC 的干预措施可能在体育赛事的中间阶段最有益。
