Pettijohn Kyle A, Radvansky Gabriel A
a Department of Psychology , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN , USA.
b The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) , Bethesda , MD , USA.
Memory. 2018 Nov;26(10):1430-1435. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1489555. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
The aim of the current study was to explore how the location updating effect is affected when people are tested using recall rather than recognition, which is what has been done in prior work. Differences in the memory processes involved with these two tasks lead to predictions for two different patterns of data. In Experiment 1, memory was tested by having participants recall the single object they were carrying or had just put down, whereas in Experiment 2, people sometimes needed to recall both objects. It was found that, unlike recognition test performance, a similar location updating effect was found for both Associated (what was currently being carried) and Dissociated (what was recently set down) objects. Moreover, when both objects were correctly recalled, there was a bias to remember them in the order that they were encountered. Finally, if only one object was correctly recalled, it was the Associated object that was currently being carried. Overall, these results are consistent with the Event Horizon Model of event cognition.
当前研究的目的是探究当人们使用回忆而非识别进行测试时，位置更新效应会受到怎样的影响，此前的研究采用的是识别测试。这两项任务所涉及的记忆过程的差异导致了对两种不同数据模式的预测。在实验1中，通过让参与者回忆他们携带或刚放下的单个物体来测试记忆，而在实验2中，人们有时需要回忆两个物体。研究发现，与识别测试表现不同，对于关联物体（当前携带的物体）和分离物体（最近放下的物体），都发现了类似的位置更新效应。此外，当两个物体都被正确回忆时，存在按照遇到它们的顺序进行记忆的偏向。最后，如果只正确回忆起一个物体，那就是当前携带的关联物体。总体而言，这些结果与事件认知的事件视界模型一致。
