Radvansky Gabriel A, Krawietz Sabine A, Tamplin Andrea K
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2011 Aug;64(8):1632-45. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2011.571267. Epub 2011 May 24.
Previous research using virtual environments has revealed a location-updating effect in which there is a decline in memory when people move from one location to another. Here we assess whether this effect reflects the influence of the experienced context, in terms of the degree of immersion of a person in an environment, as suggested by some work in spatial cognition, or by a shift in context. In Experiment 1, the degree of immersion was reduced by using smaller displays. In comparison, in Experiment 2 an actual, rather than a virtual, environment was used, to maximize immersion. Location-updating effects were observed under both of these conditions. In Experiment 3, the original encoding context was reinstated by having a person return to the original room in which objects were first encoded. However, inconsistent with an encoding specificity account, memory did not improve by reinstating this context. Finally, we did a further analysis of the results of this and previous experiments to assess the differential influence of foregrounding and retrieval interference. Overall, these data are interpreted in terms of the event horizon model of event cognition and memory.
以往使用虚拟环境的研究揭示了一种位置更新效应，即当人们从一个位置移动到另一个位置时，记忆力会下降。在这里，我们评估这种效应是否反映了经验背景的影响，这是根据空间认知方面的一些研究提出的，即一个人在环境中的沉浸程度，或者是背景的转变。在实验1中，通过使用较小的显示屏来降低沉浸程度。相比之下，在实验2中使用了真实而非虚拟的环境，以最大化沉浸感。在这两种条件下均观察到了位置更新效应。在实验3中，通过让一个人回到最初对物体进行编码的房间来恢复原始的编码背景。然而，与编码特异性理论不符的是，恢复这个背景并没有提高记忆力。最后，我们对本次实验和以往实验的结果进行了进一步分析，以评估突出显示和检索干扰的不同影响。总体而言，这些数据是根据事件认知和记忆的事件视界模型来解释的。
