Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2019 Jan 4;70:703-718. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102936. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Many pathways connect stress and obesity, two highly prevalent problems facing society today. First, stress interferes with cognitive processes such as executive function and self-regulation. Second, stress can affect behavior by inducing overeating and consumption of foods that are high in calories, fat, or sugar; by decreasing physical activity; and by shortening sleep. Third, stress triggers physiological changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reward processing in the brain, and possibly the gut microbiome. Finally, stress can stimulate production of biochemical hormones and peptides such as leptin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y. Obesity itself can be a stressful state due to the high prevalence of weight stigma. This article therefore traces the contribution of weight stigma to stress and obesogenic processes, ultimately describing a vicious cycle of stress to obesity to stigma to stress. Current obesity prevention efforts focus solely on eating and exercise; the evidence reviewed in this article points to stress as an important but currently overlooked public policy target.
许多途径将压力和肥胖联系在一起，这是当今社会面临的两个非常普遍的问题。首先，压力会干扰认知过程，如执行功能和自我调节。其次，压力可以通过诱导暴饮暴食和食用高热量、高脂肪或高糖的食物、减少体力活动和缩短睡眠时间来影响行为。第三，压力会引发下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、大脑奖励处理以及肠道微生物组的生理变化。最后，压力会刺激生化激素和肽的产生，如瘦素、胃饥饿素和神经肽 Y。肥胖本身可能是一种压力状态，因为体重歧视的发生率很高。因此，本文追溯了体重歧视对压力和致肥胖过程的贡献，最终描述了一个从压力到肥胖到歧视再到压力的恶性循环。目前的肥胖预防工作仅专注于饮食和运动；本文回顾的证据表明，压力是一个重要但目前被忽视的公共政策目标。
