Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Gent, Belgium.
University of Cambridge, Judge Business School, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 21;13(6):e0199560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199560. eCollection 2018.
The present study investigated the relationship between level of education and liberalization values in large, representative samples administered in 96 countries around the world (total N = 139,991). These countries show meaningful variation in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI), ranging from very poor, developing countries to prosperous, developed countries. We found evidence of cross-level interactions, consistently showing that individuals' level of education was associated with an increase in their liberalization values in higher HDI societies, whereas this relationship was curbed in lower HDI countries. This enhanced liberalization mindset of individuals in high HDI countries, in turn, was related to better scores on national indices of innovation. We conclude that this 'education amplification effect' widens the gap between lower and higher HDI countries in terms of liberalized mentality and economic growth potential. Policy implications for how low HDI countries can counter this gap are discussed.
本研究在全球 96 个国家/地区（总样本量为 139991 人）的大型代表性样本中调查了教育水平与自由化价值观之间的关系。这些国家在人类发展指数（HDI）方面存在显著差异，涵盖了非常贫穷的发展中国家到繁荣的发达国家。我们发现了跨层次交互作用的证据，一致表明，个体的教育水平与他们在更高 HDI 社会中自由化价值观的增加有关，而这种关系在 HDI 较低的国家受到限制。反过来，高 HDI 国家个体的这种增强的自由化思维模式与国家创新指数的更好得分相关。我们的结论是，这种“教育放大效应”扩大了 HDI 较低和较高国家之间在自由化思维和经济增长潜力方面的差距。讨论了低 HDI 国家如何缩小这一差距的政策影响。
