在控制饮酒后，HIV 阳性个体与 HIV 阴性个体的血液酒精浓度较低。
Lower Blood Alcohol Concentration Among HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Individuals Following Controlled Alcohol Administration.
机构信息
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Sep;42(9):1684-1692. doi: 10.1111/acer.13816. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
BACKGROUND
Although it has been purported that HIV-positive individuals may experience a greater degree of intoxication than HIV-negative individuals following acute alcohol consumption, no research to date has empirically tested this supposition. The present investigation entailed a randomized controlled experiment to identify whether the administration of a weight-specified dose of alcohol would lead to differential blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) among HIV-positive versus HIV-negative men.
METHODS
In a specialized barroom laboratory, 143 men (n = 76 HIV-positive and n = 67 HIV-negative; mean age = 42.9) consumed beverages based on a formulation of 0.7 g alcohol/kg body weight over a 15-minute time frame. BAC was assessed via breathalyzer at 2 set time points (10 and 13 minutes postconsumption) and then periodically until detoxification (BAC < 0.040%). Primary outcomes included (i) area under the curve (AUC), calculated based on all of one's BAC readings, (ii) "BAC-EXP," defined as one's BAC reading 13 minutes postconsumption, and (iii) BAC-PEAK, defined as one's highest recorded BAC reading.
RESULTS
Contrary to predictions, AUC (t(141) = 2.23, p = 0.027), BAC-EXP (t(141) = 2.68, p = 0.008), and BAC-PEAK (t(141) = 2.29, p = 0.023) were significantly lower among HIV-positive versus HIV-negative participants. These effects were sustained in multivariable models controlling for age, race, and AUDIT-based hazardous drinking classification. Among the HIV-positive sample, outcomes did not significantly differ based on HIV viral load detectability, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, or ART adherence.
CONCLUSIONS
The administration of a controlled, weight-specified dose of alcohol led to lower BACs among HIV-positive versus HIV-negative participants. These differences might derive from decreased body fat percentage and delayed gastric emptying associated with HIV seropositivity; however, additional research is necessary to verify these mechanisms. Unique alcohol dosing formulas based on HIV serostatus may be required in future alcohol administration experiments involving HIV-positive samples.
背景
尽管有人声称，与 HIV 阴性个体相比，HIV 阳性个体在急性饮酒后可能会经历更高程度的醉酒，但迄今为止，没有研究对这一假设进行实证检验。本研究进行了一项随机对照实验，以确定给予特定体重剂量的酒精是否会导致 HIV 阳性与 HIV 阴性男性之间的血液酒精浓度（BAC）出现差异。
方法
在一个专门的酒吧实验室中，143 名男性（n=76 名 HIV 阳性和 n=67 名 HIV 阴性；平均年龄=42.9 岁）在 15 分钟的时间内根据 0.7 g 酒精/kg 体重的配方饮用饮料。通过呼气酒精测试仪在 2 个设定时间点（消费后 10 分钟和 13 分钟）评估 BAC，然后定期评估直至解毒（BAC<0.040%）。主要结局包括（i）基于所有 BAC 读数计算的曲线下面积（AUC），（ii）“BAC-EXP”，定义为消费后 13 分钟的 BAC 读数，和（iii）BAC-PEAK，定义为记录的最高 BAC 读数。
结果
与预测相反，AUC（t（141）=2.23，p=0.027）、BAC-EXP（t（141）=2.68，p=0.008）和 BAC-PEAK（t（141）=2.29，p=0.023）在 HIV 阳性与 HIV 阴性参与者中显著较低。在控制年龄、种族和 AUDIT 危险饮酒分类的多变量模型中，这些影响仍然存在。在 HIV 阳性样本中，结果不因 HIV 病毒载量可检测性、抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）状态或 ART 依从性而异。
结论
给予受控的、特定体重的酒精剂量会导致 HIV 阳性与 HIV 阴性参与者的 BAC 降低。这些差异可能源于 HIV 血清阳性相关的体脂百分比降低和胃排空延迟；然而，需要进一步的研究来验证这些机制。在涉及 HIV 阳性样本的未来酒精给药实验中，可能需要基于 HIV 血清状态的独特酒精给药公式。
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