Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Feb;42(2):260-269. doi: 10.1111/acer.13549. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
It is widely assumed that the amount of alcohol in the blood reflects the amount of alcohol consumed. However, several factors in addition to amount of alcohol consumed can influence blood alcohol concentration (BAC). This study examines the effect of alcohol dose, concentration, and volume on BAC in rats with a high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) phenotype.
Study 1 examined the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and BAC. Alcohol-naïve, male, HAD rats (N = 7) were given access to alcohol for 2 h/d for 9 consecutive days with food and water ad libitum. Alcohol intake and BAC were measured at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after onset of access. Study 2 examined the effects of altering alcohol dose, concentration, and volume on BAC (as measured by area under the curve). Alcohol-naïve, male, HAD rats (N = 39) were infused, via an intragastric cannulus, with 1.16, 2.44, or 3.38 g alcohol/kg body weight (BW), produced by varying alcohol volume while holding concentration constant or by holding volume constant while varying concentration. Other rats were infused with 10, 15, or 20% v/v alcohol solutions while holding dose constant.
BAC was more strongly correlated with the ratio of alcohol intake (g/kg BW) to total fluid intake (mls) (R = 0.85 to 0.97, p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) than it was with the amount of alcohol consumed (g/kg BW) (R = 0.70 to 0.81, p < 0.05). No effect of alcohol dose was seen during the first hour following the onset of an alcohol infusion regardless of whether dose was achieved by altering alcohol volume or concentration. After 1 hour, higher alcohol doses were predictive of greater BACs.
The fact that a 3-fold difference in alcohol dose did not result in significant differences in BACs during the first 30 minutes after ingestion of alcohol has potentially important implications for interpretation of studies that measure alcohol-sensitive end points during this time.
人们普遍认为血液中的酒精含量反映了饮酒量。然而，除了饮酒量之外，还有其他几个因素会影响血液中的酒精浓度（BAC）。本研究通过高饮酒量（HAD）表型大鼠模型，检验了酒精剂量、浓度和容量对 BAC 的影响。
研究 1 考察了饮酒量与 BAC 的关系。7 只雄性、酒精-naive 的 HAD 大鼠，在连续 9 天内每天接受 2 小时的酒精摄入，同时可自由摄取食物和水。在接触酒精后的 30、60 和 90 分钟，测量酒精摄入量和 BAC。研究 2 通过测定曲线下面积（AUC），考察了改变酒精剂量、浓度和容量对 BAC 的影响。通过改变酒精体积而保持浓度不变或保持体积不变而改变浓度，39 只雄性、酒精-naive 的 HAD 大鼠，通过胃内插管接受 1.16、2.44 或 3.38 g/kg 体重的酒精（BW）灌胃，产生不同的酒精剂量。其他大鼠在保持剂量不变的情况下接受 10、15 或 20%v/v 酒精溶液灌胃。
BAC 与酒精摄入量（g/kg BW）与总液体摄入量（ml）的比值相关性更强（R=0.85 至 0.97，p<0.05 至 p<0.001），而与饮酒量（g/kg BW）的相关性稍弱（R=0.70 至 0.81，p<0.05）。无论通过改变酒精体积还是浓度来实现剂量，在摄入酒精后的前 1 小时内，酒精剂量都没有产生影响。1 小时后，更高的酒精剂量预示着更高的 BAC。
摄入酒精后的前 30 分钟内，3 倍的酒精剂量差异并没有导致 BAC 产生显著差异，这对解释在此期间测量酒精敏感终点的研究具有重要意义。
