Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Wanzhou Key Regional Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station of Three Gorges Project Ecological Environmental Monitoring System, Wanzhou Chongqing 404020, China.
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Wanzhou Key Regional Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station of Three Gorges Project Ecological Environmental Monitoring System, Wanzhou Chongqing 404020, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 15;642:979-987. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.138. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Ponds are an important ecosystem in rural landscapes. They play an important role in water retention, aquatic products supply and biodiversity conservation. By using a questionnaire-based survey of rural households in a small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we analyzed the distribution of ponds, their size and current status. The Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model was used to evaluate the regulation, provision and culture services of the ponds. We found that pond density was high throughout hilly areas. About 20 ponds were within an area of 1 km. They were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the basin. The presence of such a large number of ponds was considered remarkable. Water retention was the primary ecosystem service. On average, each pond contained about 4500 mm depth of water, which was 10 times that of the surrounding forest. However, with the transformation of agriculture in mountainous areas, the irrigation and domestic water services provided by ponds have declined. In recent years, ponds have been used predominantly for fish farming and leisure services. Aquaculture and multi-function ponds accounted for 54.55% and 27.7% of the surveyed ponds, respectively. Multi-function ponds consumed more water, but fish farming ponds were the most economically valuable. Due to weak environmental management and the decreasing economic value of ponds, it is necessary to conduct ecological management of ponds in accordance with societal changes in mountainous areas and to promote the protection and use of ponds.
池塘是农村景观中的重要生态系统。它们在蓄水、水产供应和生物多样性保护方面发挥着重要作用。本研究通过对三峡库区小流域农村家庭的问卷调查，分析了池塘的分布、大小和现状。利用综合环境服务和权衡评估（InVEST）模型评估了池塘的调节、供给和文化服务功能。结果表明，丘陵地区池塘密度很高。在 1km2的范围内，大约有 20 个池塘。它们主要分布在流域的中下游。如此大量的池塘存在是很显著的。蓄水是池塘的主要生态系统服务功能。平均而言，每个池塘水深约 4500mm，是周围森林的 10 倍。然而，随着山区农业的转型，池塘提供的灌溉和生活用水服务已经下降。近年来，池塘主要用于水产养殖和休闲服务。水产养殖和多功能池塘分别占调查池塘的 54.55%和 27.7%。多功能池塘耗水量更大，但鱼塘养殖的经济效益最高。由于环境管理薄弱，池塘经济价值下降，有必要根据山区社会变化对池塘进行生态管理，促进池塘的保护和利用。
