Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Institute of Green Investment, Detao Group, 2200 Wenxiang Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 15;624:1561-1576. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.143. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Birds are considered a good model for indicators of biodiversity response to habitat variations, as they are very sensitive to environmental change. However, continuous observations of habitat alterations from undisturbed landscapes to human-dominated ones, as well as the associated effects on bird biodiversity, are lacking. In this study, New Jiangwan Town in Shanghai, China was selected to illustrate the response of bird species, and thus biodiversity, to habitat loss and fragmentation. Land use/land cover (LULC) data and bird records from 2002 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. The results suggested that, due to urban sprawl, the area of wetland and shrub land had dropped by 82.4% and 87.3% by the end of 2013. Four different urbanization stages were identified in terms of the spatio-temporal variations in the landscape. To measure bird biodiversity, species richness and relative abundance were calculated, and they could account for the overall trend in biodiversity but might mask the process of species replacement. As an indicator of biodiversity accounting, the mean species abundance (MSA) of the original species would not include exotic or invasive species in its calculation, and its value decreased from 100% to 76.8% to 52.2% to 24.5% in the four corresponding stages. Finally, suggested by redundant analysis, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on bird biodiversity differed in various bird communities, and the area and connectivity of wetlands were the most significant variables. Our findings could provide important information to inform bird biodiversity protection and habitat restoration.
鸟类被认为是生物多样性对栖息地变化响应的良好指标，因为它们对环境变化非常敏感。然而，从未受干扰的景观到人为主导的景观，以及栖息地变化对鸟类生物多样性的相关影响，仍缺乏连续的观测。在本研究中，选择中国上海新江湾城来阐明鸟类物种对栖息地丧失和破碎化的响应，从而阐明生物多样性的响应。收集并分析了 2002 年至 2013 年的土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）数据和鸟类记录。结果表明，由于城市扩张，到 2013 年底，湿地和灌木林地的面积分别减少了 82.4%和 87.3%。根据景观的时空变化，确定了四个不同的城市化阶段。为了衡量鸟类生物多样性，计算了物种丰富度和相对丰度，它们可以说明生物多样性的总体趋势，但可能掩盖物种替代的过程。作为生物多样性核算的指标，原始物种的平均物种丰度（MSA）在计算中不包括外来或入侵物种，其值从四个相应阶段的 100%下降到 76.8%、52.2%和 24.5%。最后，冗余分析表明，栖息地丧失和破碎化对鸟类生物多样性的影响在不同的鸟类群落中有所不同，湿地的面积和连通性是最重要的变量。我们的研究结果可以为鸟类生物多样性保护和栖息地恢复提供重要信息。
