Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 15;639:1038-1050. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.082. Epub 2018 May 26.
Soil erosion caused by wind is a serious environmental problem that results in land degradation and threatens sustainable development. Accurately evaluating wind erosion dynamics is important for reducing the hazard of wind erosion. Separating the climatic and anthropogenic causes of wind erosion can improve the understanding of its driving mechanisms. Based on meteorological, remote sensing and field observation data, we applied the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) to simulate wind erosion in Inner Mongolia, China from 1990 to 2015. We used the variable control method by input of the average climate conditions to calculate human-induced wind erosion. The difference between natural wind erosion and human-induced wind erosion was determined to assess the effect of climate change on wind erosion. The results showed that the wind erosion modulus had a remarkable decline with a slope of 52.23 t/km/a from 1990 to 2015. During 26 years, the average wind erosion for Inner Mongolia amounted to 63.32 billion tons. Wind erosion showed an overall significant decline of 49.23% and the partial severer erosion hazard significantly increased by 7.11%. Of the significant regional decline, 40.72% was caused by climate changes, and 8.51% was attributed to ecological restoration programs. For the significant regional increases of wind erosion, 4.29% was attributed to climate changes and 2.82% to human activities, mainly overgrazing and land use/cover changes. During the study, the driving forces in Inner Mongolia of wind erosion dynamics differed spatially. Timely monitoring based on multi-source data and highlighting the importance of positive human activities by increasing vegetation coverage for deserts, reducing grazing pressure on grasslands, establishing forests as windbreaks and optimizing crop planting rotations of farmlands can all act to reduce and control wind erosion.
风蚀是一种严重的环境问题，会导致土地退化，并威胁可持续发展。准确评估风蚀动态对于减少风蚀危害至关重要。分离气候和人为因素对风蚀的影响可以提高对其驱动机制的理解。基于气象、遥感和实地观测数据，我们应用修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）模拟了 1990 年至 2015 年中国内蒙古的风蚀情况。我们采用输入平均气候条件的变量控制方法来计算人为引起的风蚀。通过确定自然风蚀和人为风蚀之间的差异来评估气候变化对风蚀的影响。结果表明，风蚀模数从 1990 年到 2015 年呈显著下降趋势，斜率为 52.23 t/km/a。在 26 年间，内蒙古的平均风蚀量达到 633.2 亿吨。风蚀总体呈显著下降趋势，下降了 49.23%，局部严重侵蚀危险增加了 7.11%。在显著的区域下降中，有 40.72%是由气候变化引起的，8.51%归因于生态恢复计划。对于风蚀显著增加的地区，有 4.29%是由气候变化引起的，2.82%是由人类活动引起的，主要是过度放牧和土地利用/覆盖变化。在研究过程中，内蒙古的风蚀动态驱动力在空间上存在差异。及时基于多源数据进行监测，并通过增加沙漠植被覆盖、减少草原放牧压力、建立防风林和优化农田作物轮作等方式强调积极人类活动的重要性，可以减少和控制风蚀。
