School of Resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010017, China.
Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 10;668:204-215. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.015. Epub 2019 Mar 3.
Assessing the impacts of land use/cover change (LUCC) on the aeolian process is crucial for improving regional ecosystem services and sustainable development. The objective of the study were to 1) examine the spatiotemporal patterns of the soil wind erosion modulus (SWEM) in China from 1990 to 2015, and 2) reveal the contributions of LUCC to SWEM dynamics. The annual SWEM derived by the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) was analyzed at regional and sub-regional scales using statistical analysis. The impacts of various LUCCs on SWEM were further assessed in each county. The results showed that the regions that experienced severe wind erosion (SWEM > 50 t/(ha·a)) accounted for 8.91% of all of China. The average SWEM generally decreased by half from 1990 to 2015. Large SWEM differences were found among various land use/cover types. The SWEM from desert was two times or higher than that from sparse grass, cropland, and woodland; moreover, that of dense grass was the lowest in arid/semiarid areas. The conversion of grassland/woodland to cropland and desert expansion during 1990-2000 induced a net increase in total soil wind erosion of approximately 1205 × 10 t. With the implementation of ecological projects starting in the early 2000s, woodland/grassland was reconverted from cropland, and the eco-restoration of sparse grass and desert induced a net decrease in wind erosion of 278 × 10 t. All these indicated that anthropogenic activities in ecological projects had positive impacts in terms of reducing aeolian erosion intensity. We suggest that eco-restoration should be protected and consolidated in the future. Adaptive management is required to control wind erosion and improve ecosystem services and human wellbeing for people in China.
评估土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）对风蚀过程的影响对于改善区域生态系统服务和可持续发展至关重要。本研究的目的是：1） 检测 1990 年至 2015 年中国土壤风蚀模数（SWEM）的时空格局；2） 揭示 LUCC 对 SWEM 动态变化的贡献。利用统计分析方法，在区域和亚区域尺度上分析了修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）得出的年 SWEM。进一步评估了每个县各种 LUCC 对 SWEM 的影响。结果表明，经历严重风蚀（SWEM＞50 t/（ha·a））的区域占中国总面积的 8.91%。1990 年至 2015 年，平均 SWEM 普遍减少了一半。各种土地利用/覆被类型之间存在较大的 SWEM 差异。荒漠的 SWEM 是稀疏草地、耕地和林地的两倍或更高；此外，干旱/半干旱地区草地的 SWEM 最低。1990-2000 年期间，草地/林地向耕地和荒漠扩张，导致总土壤风蚀净增加约 1205×10 t。自 2000 年代初开始实施生态工程以来，林地/草地已从耕地中重新转化，稀疏草地和荒漠的生态恢复导致风蚀净减少 278×10 t。所有这些都表明，生态工程中的人为活动在减轻风蚀强度方面具有积极影响。我们建议，未来应保护和巩固生态恢复。需要进行适应性管理以控制风蚀，提高中国人民的生态系统服务和人类福祉。
