新型及新兴非法精神活性物质。

New and Emerging Illicit Psychoactive Substances.

机构信息

Division of Chemical Dependence, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Suite D5W, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

出版信息

Med Clin North Am. 2018 Jul;102(4):697-714. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.010.

DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.010

PMID:29933824

Abstract

Several novel psychoactive substances have emerged in recent years. Users are typically young men who use other substances. In the category of stimulants, cathinones ("bath salts") have predominated and can lead to agitation, psychosis, hyperthermia, and death. Synthetic cannabinoids ("spice") are more potent than marijuana and can lead to agitation, psychosis, seizures, and death. There are no rapid tests to identify these substances and general treatment includes benzodiazepines for agitation and supportive therapy. Many Synthetic opioids are potent analogues of fentanyl and carry a high risk of overdose. In addition, there are several designer benzodiazepines that have emerged.

摘要

近年来出现了几种新型精神活性物质。使用者通常是使用其他物质的年轻男性。在兴奋剂类别中，“浴盐”（卡他碱）占据主导地位，可导致兴奋、精神病、高热和死亡。合成大麻素（“香料”）比大麻更有效，可导致兴奋、精神病、癫痫发作和死亡。目前没有快速检测这些物质的方法，一般的治疗方法包括苯二氮䓬类药物治疗兴奋和支持性治疗。许多合成阿片类药物是芬太尼的有效类似物，有很高的过量风险。此外，还有几种新型苯二氮䓬类药物出现。