College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2018 May;147:139-144. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.007. Epub 2017 Oct 21.
Hymexazol is an efficacious and widely used fungicide. However, its environmental toxicological assessment has not been well documented. It had no report of its toxicity to fish embryo. Fish embryo acute toxicity tests are highly predictive of aquatic embryotoxicity outcome. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to hymexazol at varying concentrations for the study of the developmental toxicity, melanin biosynthesis, biochemical and transcriptional endpoints. The embryotoxicity tests indicated that the 96h LC value of hymexazol was 649mg/L with a 95% confidence interval range of 632-667mg/L. Hymexazol at concentrations of 417-738mg/L decreased the heart rate and increased the voluntary swing. Hymexazol inhibited normal development at concentrations above 554mg/L. the 96h EC was 411mg/L. Hymexazol in a concentration range of 417-738mg/L induced cardiac edema and yolk sac edema. Exposure of hymexazol at such concentrations to zebrafish embryos for 48h decreased the pigment area density compared with the no hymexazol control. Tyrosinase activity was inhibited by hymexazol relative to the untreated control. The P53 mRNA expression level in embryos upon exposure to 480mg/L or greater of hymexazol was significantly higher than that of the control. The results indicated that hymexazol has quite low acute toxicity and low embryotoxicity to zebrafish.
抑霉唑是一种高效且广泛使用的杀菌剂。然而，其环境毒理学评估尚未得到充分记录。它没有关于对鱼类胚胎毒性的报告。鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验对水生胚胎毒性结果具有高度预测性。在这项研究中，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎暴露于不同浓度的抑霉唑中，以研究其发育毒性、黑色素生物合成、生化和转录终点。胚胎毒性试验表明，抑霉唑的 96hLC 值为 649mg/L，95%置信区间范围为 632-667mg/L。417-738mg/L 的抑霉唑浓度降低了心率并增加了自发摆动。浓度高于 554mg/L 的抑霉唑抑制正常发育。96hEC 值为 411mg/L。417-738mg/L 的抑霉唑浓度诱导心脏水肿和卵黄囊水肿。与无抑霉唑对照相比，暴露于浓度为 417-738mg/L 的抑霉唑的斑马鱼胚胎 48h 后，色素面积密度降低。与未处理对照组相比，抑霉唑抑制了酪氨酸酶的活性。暴露于 480mg/L 或更高浓度的抑霉唑后，胚胎中的 P53mRNA 表达水平明显高于对照组。结果表明，抑霉唑对斑马鱼具有较低的急性毒性和较低的胚胎毒性。
