School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Addict Behav. 2018 Dec;87:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, these studies have typically examined these 'protective behavioral strategies' (PBSs) in combination, limiting understanding of whether individual strategies differ in their effectiveness. Further, most existing research is cross-sectional in design, precluding the determination of causal relationships between PBS use and alcohol consumption. To address these research gaps, the present study sought to longitudinally (i) identify which individual PBSs are significantly related to reduced alcohol consumption over time and (ii) explore the effectiveness of individual PBSs among specific population groups. The sample comprised 1328 Australian adult drinkers (47% male) who completed an online survey assessing engagement in PBSs and alcohol consumption at two time points approximately four weeks apart. Reported enactment of the PBS 'Count your drinks' was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption between T1 and T2. In contrast, enactment of the PBSs 'Ask a friend to let you know when you have had enough to drink', 'Put extra ice in your drink', 'Use a designated driver', and 'Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time' was associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The results thus suggest that many PBSs may not be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and that some may be associated with higher levels of intake. The results have implications for the development of harm-minimization campaigns designed to encourage drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.
先前的研究表明，在饮酒时采用特定的行为策略可以预防过度饮酒和相关危害。然而，这些研究通常将这些“保护性行为策略”（PBSs）结合起来进行考察，这限制了对个别策略在有效性方面是否存在差异的理解。此外，大多数现有研究都是横断面设计的，无法确定 PBS 使用与饮酒之间的因果关系。为了解决这些研究空白，本研究旨在从以下两个方面进行纵向研究：（i）确定哪些个别 PBSs 与随时间减少饮酒量显著相关；（ii）探讨个别 PBSs 在特定人群中的有效性。该样本包括 1328 名澳大利亚成年饮酒者（47%为男性），他们在大约四周的时间内两次完成了一项在线调查，评估了 PBS 和饮酒量。报告实施 PBS“数你的饮料”与 T1 和 T2 之间饮酒量的显著减少有关。相比之下，实施 PBS“请朋友在你喝够时提醒你”、“在饮料中加冰块”、“使用指定司机”和“在预定时间离开饮酒场所”与饮酒量增加有关。因此，结果表明，许多 PBSs 可能无法有效减少饮酒量，而一些 PBSs 可能与更高的摄入量有关。这些结果对旨在鼓励饮酒者减少饮酒量的减少伤害运动的发展具有影响。
