Lucha-López María Orosia, Tricás-Moreno José Miguel, Gaspar-Calvo Elena, Lucha-López Ana Carmen, Vidal-Peracho Concepción, Hidalgo-García César, Caudevilla-Polo Santos, Fanlo-Mazas Pablo
1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain.
2 Specialty Medical Center Grande Covián, SALUD, Avda. Alcalde Caballero Zaragoza, Spain.
J Int Med Res. 2018 Aug;46(8):3065-3077. doi: 10.1177/0300060518771825. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Objective To assess the relationship between static frontal knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles functionally related to the knee. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 33 healthy adults (19-31 years). The frontal knee angle (valgus/varus angle) was measured by photogrammetry and it was measured in the lateral side. Therefore, high values were assigned for genu varum and low values for genu valgum. Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus of the quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles were stretched. Muscles were classified as normal, reflex hypomobile, or structural hypomobile. Results Women had significantly greater valgus than did men (right angle, women: 174.41°/men: 177.41°; left angle, women: 174.20°/men: 178.70°). The right frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile vastus. The left frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile iliopsoas. No relationships were found in men. Conclusions A tighter vastus of the quadriceps and tighter iliopsoas are related to greater genu varum in adult women. Stretching the vastus of the quadriceps and iliopsoas when there is a tendency for excess varus in the knee, to prevent overuse injury or early osteoarthritis, might be clinically relevant.
目的 评估无症状受试者静态额状面膝关节对线与膝关节功能相关主要肌肉柔韧性之间的关系。方法 对33名健康成年人（19 - 31岁）进行描述性横断面研究。通过摄影测量法测量额状面膝关节角度（外翻/内翻角度），在外侧进行测量。因此，膝内翻赋值为高值，膝外翻赋值为低值。对髂腰肌、臀大肌和臀中肌、股直肌、股二头肌、股四头肌的股外侧肌和腓肠肌进行拉伸。将肌肉分为正常、反射性活动度降低或结构性活动度降低。结果 女性的外翻角度显著大于男性（右侧角度，女性：174.41°/男性：177.41°；左侧角度，女性：174.20°/男性：178.70°）。股外侧肌结构性活动度降低的女性右侧额状面膝关节角度更高。髂腰肌结构性活动度降低的女性左侧额状面膝关节角度更高。在男性中未发现相关性。结论 股四头肌和髂腰肌较紧与成年女性更大的膝内翻有关。当膝关节有内翻过度倾向时，拉伸股四头肌和髂腰肌以预防过度使用损伤或早期骨关节炎，可能具有临床意义。
