Benini Elisa, Politis Sebastian N, Kottmann Johanna S, Butts Ian A E, Sørensen Sune R, Tomkiewicz Jonna
STMI Aqua Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark.
National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2018 Oct;53(5):1149-1158. doi: 10.1111/rda.13219. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Establishment of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) hatchery production will rely on selectively bred individuals that produce progeny with the best traits in successive generations. As such, this study used a quantitative genetic breeding design, between four females and nine males (four wild-caught and five cultured), to investigate the effect of paternal origin (wild-caught vs. cultured) and quantify the relative importance of parental effects, including genetic compatibility, on early life history (ELH) performance traits (i.e. fertilization success, embryonic survival at 32 hr post-fertilization, hatch success and larval deformities at 2 days post-hatch) of European eel. Wild-caught males had higher (56%) spermatocrit values than cultured males (45%), while fertilization success, embryonic survival, hatch success and larval deformities were not significantly impacted by paternal origin. This demonstrates that short-term domestication of male eels does not negatively affect offspring quality and enables the consideration of cultured male broodstock in future breeding programmes. Moreover, paternity significantly explained 9.5% of the variability in embryonic survival, providing further evidence that paternal effects need to be taken into consideration in assisted reproduction protocols. Furthermore, maternity significantly explained 54.8% of the variation for fertilization success, 61.7% for embryonic survival, 88.1% for hatching success and 62.8% for larval deformities, validating that maternity is a major factor influencing these "critical" ELH traits. At last, the parental interaction explained 12.8% of the variation for fertilization success, 8.3% for embryonic survival, 4.5% for hatch success and 20.5% for larval deformities. Thus, we conclude that eggs of one female can develop more successfully when crossed with a compatible male, highlighting the importance of mate choice for successful propagation of high-quality offspring. Together, this knowledge will improve early offspring performance, leading to future breeding programmes for this critically endangered and economically important species.
欧洲鳗鲡（Anguilla anguilla）孵化场生产的建立将依赖于经过选择性育种的个体，这些个体能够在连续几代中产生具有最佳性状的后代。因此，本研究采用定量遗传育种设计，选取了4只雌性和9只雄性（4只野生捕获的和5只养殖的），以研究父本来源（野生捕获的与养殖的）的影响，并量化包括遗传相容性在内的亲本效应对欧洲鳗鲡早期生活史（ELH）性能性状（即受精成功率、受精后32小时的胚胎存活率、孵化成功率以及孵化后2天的幼体畸形率）的相对重要性。野生捕获的雄性精子密度值（56%）高于养殖雄性（45%），而受精成功率、胚胎存活率、孵化成功率和幼体畸形率并未受到父本来源的显著影响。这表明雄性鳗鱼的短期驯化不会对后代质量产生负面影响，并且在未来的育种计划中可以考虑使用养殖雄性亲鱼。此外，父本效应显著解释了胚胎存活率变异性的9.5%，这进一步证明在辅助繁殖方案中需要考虑父本效应。此外，母本效应显著解释了受精成功率变异的54.8%、胚胎存活率变异的61.7%、孵化成功率变异的88.1%以及幼体畸形率变异的62.8%，证实母本效应是影响这些“关键”ELH性状的主要因素。最后，亲本相互作用解释了受精成功率变异的12.8%、胚胎存活率变异的8.3%、孵化成功率变异的4.5%以及幼体畸形率变异的20.5%。因此，我们得出结论，当与相容的雄性杂交时，一只雌性的卵能够更成功地发育，这突出了配偶选择对于高质量后代成功繁殖的重要性。总之，这些知识将改善早期后代的性能，从而为这个极度濒危且具有经济重要性的物种制定未来的育种计划。
