Kernbach Meredith E, Hall Richard J, Burkett-Cadena Nathan D, Unnasch Thomas R, Martin Lynn B
Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2018 Nov 1;58(5):995-1007. doi: 10.1093/icb/icy080.
Light pollution has emerged as a pervasive component of land development over the past century. Several detrimental impacts of this anthropogenic influence have been identified in night shift workers, laboratory rodents, and a plethora of wildlife species. Circadian, or daily, patterns are interrupted by the presence of light at night and have the capacity to alter rhythmic physiological or behavioral characteristics. Indeed, biorhythm disruption can lead to metabolic, reproductive, and immunological dysfunction depending on the intensity, timing, duration, and wavelength of light exposure. Light pollution, in many forms and by many pathways, is thus apt to affect the nature of host-pathogen interactions. However, no research has yet investigated this possibility. The goal of this manuscript is to outline how dim light at night, a relevant and common form of light pollution, may affect disease dynamics by interrupting circadian rhythms and regulation of immune responses as well as opportunities for host-parasite interactions and subsequent transmission risk including spillover into humans. We close by proposing some promising interventions including alternative lighting methods or vector control efforts.
在过去的一个世纪里，光污染已成为土地开发中普遍存在的一个因素。这种人为影响的若干有害影响已在夜班工作者、实验啮齿动物以及大量野生动物物种中得到确认。昼夜节律，即日常模式，会因夜间光线的存在而被打乱，并且有能力改变有节奏的生理或行为特征。事实上，生物节律紊乱会根据光照的强度、时间、持续时间和波长导致代谢、生殖和免疫功能障碍。因此，多种形式和多种途径的光污染很可能会影响宿主与病原体相互作用的性质。然而，尚无研究调查过这种可能性。本手稿的目的是概述夜间昏暗光线（一种相关且常见的光污染形式）如何通过干扰昼夜节律和免疫反应调节以及宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的机会和随后的传播风险（包括溢出到人类）来影响疾病动态。我们最后提出了一些有前景的干预措施，包括替代照明方法或病媒控制措施。
