与中年巴西女性对更年期和激素治疗的知识相关的因素：一项基于人群的家庭调查。

Factors associated with knowledge about menopause and hormone therapy in middle-aged Brazilian women: a population-based household survey.

机构信息

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

出版信息

Menopause. 2018 Jul;25(7):803-810. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001087.

DOI:10.1097/GME.0000000000001087

PMID:29939892

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge about menopause and hormone therapy (HT) among middle-aged Brazilian women and identify the factors associated with the level of knowledge.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 749 women aged 45 to 60 years, residing in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, Brazil. The dependent variable was knowledge about menopause and HT evaluated using a numerical score based on the answers given to three questions that had several response options. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, personal habits, and health conditions. Statistical analysis was carried out by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and a generalized linear model.

RESULTS

The mean age was 52.5 (±4.4) years. Most of the women were postmenopausal (68%) and 19.5% had a history of current or previous use of HT. The final score for knowledge about menopause ranged from +1 to +11, with a mean of 4.59 (±1.86) and a median of 4. Women with higher levels of schooling (coefficient = 0.64, P < 0.001); with higher socioeconomic status (coefficient = 0.47, P < 0.002); with vaginal dryness (coefficient = 0.47, P = 0.003); who consumed alcohol (coefficient = 0.61, P = 0.006); who use or had ever used any type of treatment to counteract menopausal symptoms (coefficient = 0.41, P = 0.008); with anxiety (coefficient = 0.35, P = 0.037); and with depression (coefficient = 0.31, P = 0.043) possessed greater knowledge about menopause and HT. Women with a higher number (≥3) of vaginal deliveries (coefficient = -0.61, P < 0.001) and a higher body mass index (coefficient = -0.02, P = 0.046) possessed less knowledge about menopause and HT.

CONCLUSIONS

The knowledge about menopause and HT demonstrated by the interviewees was low and possibly related to the time of exposure to qualified information.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在评估中年巴西女性对绝经和激素治疗（HT）的知识水平，并确定与知识水平相关的因素。

方法

本横断面研究纳入了居住在巴西坎皮纳斯大都市区的 749 名 45 至 60 岁的女性。采用基于对三个问题回答的数值评分来评估绝经和 HT 相关知识，这三个问题有多个答案选项。自变量为社会人口特征、个人习惯和健康状况。采用曼-惠特尼、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯和广义线性模型进行统计分析。

结果

平均年龄为 52.5（±4.4）岁。大多数女性处于绝经后状态（68%），19.5%有当前或既往使用 HT 的病史。绝经相关知识的最终得分范围为+1 至+11，平均得分为 4.59（±1.86），中位数为 4。受教育程度较高的女性（系数=0.64，P<0.001）、社会经济地位较高的女性（系数=0.47，P<0.002）、有阴道干燥的女性（系数=0.47，P=0.003）、饮酒的女性（系数=0.61，P=0.006）、使用或曾使用任何类型的治疗方法来对抗绝经症状的女性（系数=0.41，P=0.008）、有焦虑的女性（系数=0.35，P=0.037）和有抑郁的女性（系数=0.31，P=0.043）对绝经和 HT 的了解更多。阴道分娩次数较多（≥3 次）的女性（系数=-0.61，P<0.001）和体重指数较高的女性（系数=-0.02，P=0.046）对绝经和 HT 的了解较少。