State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 1;643:277-291. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.103. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Ecosystem service (ES) hotspot mapping is a promising method to spatially identify priority areas for conservation planning. Our study aims to develop a decision-making framework for ES conservation across administrative levels based on ES hotspot and interaction analyses on multiple spatial scales. To demonstrate the framework, we used the Dianchi Lake watershed and the Kunming Prefecture in Southwestern China as examples. We quantified six ES: crop productivity, water yield, habitat quality, soil conservation, total phosphorus retention, and recreation potential. In addition, we produced hotspot maps of single and multiple ES on the pixel, sub-river basin, and river basin scales and calculated the correlation coefficients between the services on these three scales. The decision-making framework was developed based on answering four questions: Who should make conservation decisions? Where should conservation be implemented? What should be conserved? How can ES be conserved? The results demonstrated that the spatial patterns of hotspots of single ES and the interactions among services were dependent on the scale in the Dianchi Lake watershed. In addition, the hotspot overlaps between ES were very poor and the spatial pattern of hotspot overlaps was dependent on what services were chosen. The framework developed in this study can be used to determine the decision-makers, find high priority conservation areas, identify the services that should be conserved, and find the way in which the services can be conserved. The framework provides ES information on multiple spatial scales and can thus facilitate the decision-making process at different administrative levels. In addition, the framework fits into the top-down decision-making system and may help decision-makers generate policies tailored to local realities; therefore, the framework has potential to be used by regional and local administrative decision-makers.
生态系统服务（ES）热点图绘制是一种有前途的方法，可以在空间上确定保护规划的优先区域。我们的研究旨在基于 ES 热点和多空间尺度的相互作用分析，为跨行政级别的 ES 保护制定决策框架。为了演示该框架，我们以中国西南部滇池流域和昆明市为例。我们量化了六种 ES：作物生产力、产水量、生境质量、土壤保持、总磷截留和娱乐潜力。此外，我们在像素、次流域和流域尺度上制作了单一和多种 ES 的热点图，并计算了这三个尺度上服务之间的相关系数。该决策框架是基于回答四个问题来制定的：谁应该做出保护决策？应该在哪里实施保护？应该保护什么？如何保护 ES？研究结果表明，在滇池流域，单一 ES 的热点空间格局和服务之间的相互作用取决于尺度。此外，ES 热点之间的重叠非常差，热点重叠的空间格局取决于选择的服务。本研究中开发的框架可用于确定决策者、寻找高优先级保护区域、确定应保护的服务以及找到保护服务的方法。该框架提供了多空间尺度的 ES 信息，因此可以促进不同行政级别的决策过程。此外，该框架符合自上而下的决策系统，并可能帮助决策者制定适合当地实际情况的政策；因此，该框架有可能被地区和地方行政决策者使用。
