Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
Neurology Service, Hospital Municipal Badalona, Badalona, Spain.
Neurodegener Dis. 2018;18(2-3):143-149. doi: 10.1159/000488680. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Olfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The characteristics of the hyposmia in PD have not been well defined.
To characterize the pattern of the olfactory deficit in PD and in other non-neurodegenerative aetiologies of hyposmia.
We evaluated 36 PD patients, 20 patients with hyposmia secondary to acute respiratory infection (ARI), and 19 patients with hyposmia secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). For comparison purposes, we included a group of 15 controls age and sex matched with PD patients. PD patients were classified based on disease duration and severity in de novo PD, and PD with and without chronic levodopa-related complications. The Barcelona Smell Identification Test was applied to all participants.
For the first cranial nerve odours, PD patients scored lower than controls on smell detection (85.28 vs. 97.67%, p = 0.006), definition (79.58 vs. 93.33%, p = 0.007), recognition (63.33 vs. 81%, p = 0.020), and forced choice (58.06 vs. 82%, p < 0.001). Compared with ARI, forced choice was significantly better in PD patients (p < 0.001), but no differences were found regarding other olfactory characteristics. TBI patients showed significantly lower scores than the other study groups in all the olfaction items. For the fifth cranial nerve odours, recognition (p = 0.003) and identification (p = 0.019) were lower in the TBI group than in the others. No differences were found among PD subgroups regarding any olfactory characteristic.
A differential pattern of hyposmia was observed in PD patients compared to other non-neurodegenerative aetiologies. Further studies with larger samples should replicate our results.
嗅觉障碍在帕金森病（PD）中很常见。PD 患者嗅觉减退的特征尚未得到很好的定义。
描述 PD 患者及其他非神经退行性病因导致嗅觉减退的模式。
我们评估了 36 名 PD 患者、20 名急性呼吸道感染（ARI）继发嗅觉减退患者和 19 名创伤性脑损伤（TBI）继发嗅觉减退患者。为了比较目的，我们纳入了一组与 PD 患者年龄和性别匹配的 15 名对照者。根据疾病持续时间和新发 PD 及 PD 伴或不伴慢性左旋多巴相关并发症的严重程度对 PD 患者进行分类。所有参与者均接受了巴塞罗那嗅觉识别测试。
对于第一对颅神经气味，PD 患者在嗅觉检测（85.28%比 97.67%，p=0.006）、嗅觉辨别（79.58%比 93.33%，p=0.007）、嗅觉识别（63.33%比 81%，p=0.020）和强制选择（58.06%比 82%，p<0.001）方面的得分均低于对照组。与 ARI 相比，PD 患者的强制选择明显更好（p<0.001），但在其他嗅觉特征方面无差异。与其他研究组相比，TBI 患者在所有嗅觉项目中的得分均显著较低。对于第五对颅神经气味，TBI 组在识别（p=0.003）和识别（p=0.019）方面的得分均低于其他组。PD 亚组在任何嗅觉特征方面均无差异。
与其他非神经退行性病因相比，PD 患者嗅觉减退存在不同的模式。需要进一步开展具有更大样本量的研究来验证我们的结果。
