Payzin-Dogru Duygu, Whited Jessica L
Harvard Medical School, the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Dev Biol. 2018;62(6-7-8):393-402. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.180002jw.
Appendage regeneration is not a simple task. The animal must harness all of its energy and resources to orchestrate perhaps one of the most complicated events since its development. Balancing the immune response, wound healing, proliferation, patterning and differentiation is an elegant job, and how some animals achieve that still leaves researchers enchanted today. In this work, we review some of the molecular aspects of regeneration, with a focus on the axolotl, the champion of tetrapod limb regeneration, and the mouse, an excellent mammalian model for digit tip regeneration. Advances in molecular and genomic tools have enabled the discovery of exciting fundamental features of limb regeneration. Integrating the data from different animal systems will be crucial to understanding the common requirements of successful appendage regeneration and places for flexibility. The combination of these efforts is paving the way to grasping how good regenerators respond to the loss of body parts, how these mechanisms might compare in modest regenerators, and, ultimately, in developing approaches for improving regenerative outcomes in humans.
附肢再生并非易事。动物必须调动自身所有的能量和资源，去精心安排或许是其发育以来最复杂的事件之一。平衡免疫反应、伤口愈合、细胞增殖、模式形成和分化是一项精妙的工作，而一些动物是如何做到这一点的，至今仍令研究人员着迷。在这项工作中，我们回顾了再生的一些分子层面，重点关注蝾螈（四足动物肢体再生的佼佼者）和小鼠（用于指尖再生的优秀哺乳动物模型）。分子和基因组工具的进步使得人们发现了肢体再生令人兴奋的基本特征。整合来自不同动物系统的数据对于理解成功的附肢再生的共同要求以及灵活性所在至关重要。这些努力的结合正在为理解优秀的再生者如何应对身体部位的缺失、这些机制在再生能力一般的动物中可能有何不同，以及最终为开发改善人类再生结果的方法铺平道路。
