MacDonald Amanda M, Jardine Claire M, Susta Leonardo, Slavic Durda, Nemeth Nicole M
A Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1.
B Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1.
Avian Dis. 2018 Jun;62(2):184-188. doi: 10.1637/11807-020618-Reg.1.
Since being successfully reintroduced into Ontario, Canada, wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo) populations have undergone robust growth and range expansion. This, along with increases in land use changes from human population growth and subsequent developments in agriculture and livestock production, has heightened opportunities for interactions between wild turkeys, domestic poultry, and humans. As conspecifics, wild and domestic turkeys are susceptible to infection and disease from many of the same pathogens. Thus, transmission by direct or indirect contact is a potential health threat to both groups, particularly with the overlapping range of wild turkeys in Ontario with numerous commercial and backyard poultry operations. However, these threats are difficult to assess due to knowledge gaps in the prevalence and geographic distribution of potential pathogens circulating among wild turkeys. We assessed for potentially pathogenic bacteria in free-ranging, hunter-harvested wild turkeys in Ontario ( n = 152) by cloacal swab culture for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli and culture of lung and spleen for Pasteurella multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Antimicrobial resistance testing was also performed on E. coli isolates. Generic E. coli isolates were recovered from 69.1% (105/152) of wild turkeys tested, and two (1.9%) of these isolates exhibited resistance to azithromycin and one (1.0%) to ampicillin. Intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol was observed in one (1.0%) isolate. One (0.7%) wild turkey swab tested positive for C. jejuni, but no samples were positive for P. multocida, Salmonella spp., O. rhinotracheale, or E. rhusiopathiae. To our knowledge, this is the first survey of these bacteria and assessment for antimicrobial resistance among wild turkeys in Ontario.
自被成功重新引入加拿大安大略省以来，野生火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）种群数量强劲增长，活动范围不断扩大。这一情况，再加上人口增长导致土地利用变化以及随后农业和畜牧业生产的发展，增加了野生火鸡、家禽和人类之间相互接触的机会。作为同种生物，野生火鸡和家禽易受许多相同病原体的感染和疾病侵袭。因此，直接或间接接触传播对这两类群体都是潜在的健康威胁，尤其是在安大略省野生火鸡活动范围与众多商业和后院家禽养殖场重叠的情况下。然而，由于野生火鸡中潜在病原体的流行情况和地理分布方面存在知识空白，这些威胁难以评估。我们通过对安大略省自由放养、猎人捕获的野生火鸡（n = 152）进行泄殖腔拭子培养，检测弯曲杆菌属、沙门氏菌属和大肠杆菌，以及对肺和脾脏进行培养，检测多杀巴斯德菌、禽气管鸟杆菌和猪红斑丹毒丝菌，来评估其中潜在的致病细菌。还对大肠杆菌分离株进行了抗菌药物耐药性测试。在检测的野生火鸡中，69.1%（105/152）的火鸡分离出了普通大肠杆菌，其中两株（1.9%）对阿奇霉素耐药，一株（1.0%）对氨苄西林耐药。一株（1.0%）分离株对氯霉素表现出中度敏感性。一只（0.7%）野生火鸡拭子检测为空肠弯曲菌阳性，但没有样本检测出多杀巴斯德菌、沙门氏菌属、禽气管鸟杆菌或猪红斑丹毒丝菌阳性。据我们所知，这是安大略省首次对这些细菌进行的调查以及对野生火鸡抗菌药物耐药性的评估。
