Optimization of the ninhydrin reaction and development of a multiwell plate-based high-throughput proline detection assay.

We developed a high-throughput technique for highly sensitive measurement of trace amounts of proline, an indicator of drought stress in plants, using an optimized proline-ninhydrin reaction. In order to do this, proline detection time was minimized by omitting phosphoric acid from the ninhydrin reagent. Chromophore extraction using toluene was also omitted, thus lowering the risks to environment and human health, and allowing the use of readily available polystyrene plates. Proline detection sensitivity was assessed based on the concentration of sulfosalicylic acid in the solution, which indicated that 1% sulfosalicylic acid yielded the best sensitivity and linearity. These findings were applied to a multiwell plate-based multiplex analysis using a dry oven for the simultaneous analysis of a large number of drought-stressed plant samples with trace amounts of proline. The results showed that proline could be effectively detected in plants grown in soil with water content under 5%, demonstrating its potential for diagnosing drought early. The proposed multiwell plate-based multiplex assay is expected to be useful in manifold agricultural applications.