Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Neurobiol Aging. 2018 Oct;70:30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.034. Epub 2018 May 31.
Warning signals temporarily increase the rate of visual information in younger participants and thus optimize perception in critical situations. It is unclear whether such important preparatory processes are preserved in healthy aging. We parametrically assessed the effects of auditory alertness cues on visual processing speed and their time course using a whole report paradigm based on the computational Theory of Visual Attention. We replicated prior findings of significant alerting benefits in younger adults. In conditions with short cue-target onset asynchronies, this effect was baseline-dependent. As younger participants with high baseline speed did not show a profit, an inverted U-shaped function of phasic alerting and visual processing speed was implied. Older adults also showed a significant cue-induced benefit. Bayesian analyses indicated that the cueing benefit on visual processing speed was comparably strong across age groups. Our results indicate that in aging individuals, comparable to younger ones, perception is active and increased expectancy of the appearance of a relevant stimulus can increase the rate of visual information uptake.
警告信号会暂时提高年轻参与者的视觉信息处理速度，从而优化关键情境下的感知能力。目前尚不清楚在健康衰老的过程中，这种重要的预备过程是否得以保留。我们采用基于视觉注意计算理论的全报告范式，对听觉警觉线索对视速的影响及其时程进行了参数评估。我们复制了先前在年轻成年人中发现的显著警觉优势的结果。在短 cue-target 起始时间间隔的条件下，该效应依赖于基线。由于高基线速度的年轻参与者没有获益，这表明存在一种警觉和视觉处理速度的倒 U 形关系。老年人也表现出显著的 cue 诱导获益。贝叶斯分析表明，视觉处理速度的 cueing 优势在不同年龄组中相当强。我们的结果表明，在衰老个体中，与年轻人一样，感知是主动的，对相关刺激出现的预期增加可以提高视觉信息的摄取率。
