Kumar Manoj, Yusuf Mohd Aslam, Nigam Manisha, Kumar Manoj
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., 226026, India.
Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P., 226001, India.
Mol Biotechnol. 2018 Aug;60(8):651-663. doi: 10.1007/s12033-018-0096-1.
Chickpea is a highly nutritious grain legume crop, widely appreciated as a health food, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The major constraints on chickpea production are biotic (Helicoverpa, bruchid, aphid, ascochyta) and abiotic (drought, heat, salt, cold) stresses, which reduce the yield by up to 90%. Various strategies like conventional breeding, molecular breeding, and modern plant breeding have been used to overcome these problems. Conventionally, breeding programs aim at development of varieties that combine maximum number of traits through inter-specific hybridization, wide hybridization, and hybridization involving more than two parents. Breeding is difficult in this crop because of its self-pollinating nature and limited genetic variation. Recent advances in in vitro culture and gene technologies offer unique opportunities to realize the full potential of chickpea production. However, as of date, no transgenic chickpea variety has been approved for cultivation in the world. In this review, we provide an update on the development of genetically modified chickpea plants, including those resistant to Helicoverpa armigera, Callosobruchus maculatus, Aphis craccivora, as well as to drought and salt stress. The genes utilized for development of resistance against pod borer, bruchid, aphid, drought, and salt tolerance, namely, Bt, alpha amylase inhibitor, ASAL, P5CSF129A, and P5CS, respectively, are discussed.
鹰嘴豆是一种营养丰富的谷物豆类作物，作为健康食品广受赞誉，在印度次大陆尤其如此。鹰嘴豆生产的主要限制因素是生物胁迫（棉铃虫、绿豆象、蚜虫、壳二孢菌）和非生物胁迫（干旱、高温、盐分、寒冷），这些胁迫可使产量降低多达90%。人们已采用各种策略，如常规育种、分子育种和现代植物育种来克服这些问题。传统上，育种计划旨在通过种间杂交、远缘杂交以及涉及两个以上亲本的杂交来培育具有最多性状组合的品种。由于这种作物的自花授粉特性和有限的遗传变异，育种工作颇具难度。体外培养和基因技术的最新进展为充分发挥鹰嘴豆的生产潜力提供了独特机遇。然而，截至目前，世界上尚未有转基因鹰嘴豆品种获批用于种植。在本综述中，我们提供了转基因鹰嘴豆植株发展情况的最新信息，包括那些对棉铃虫、绿豆象、花生蚜具有抗性以及对干旱和盐胁迫具有抗性的植株。文中还讨论了用于培育抗豆荚螟、绿豆象、蚜虫、干旱和耐盐性的基因，即分别为Bt、α淀粉酶抑制剂、ASAL、P5CSF129A和P5CS。
